MSK Flashcards
DeQuervain’s tenosynovitis –> what tendons are affected?
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
Ca: normal
Phos: normal
alk phos: normal
PTH: normal
what condition?
- normal
- osteoporosis
Ca: normal
Phos: normal
alk phos: elevated
PTH: normal
what condition?
- osteopetrosis
- Paget’s disease
Ca: decreased
Phos: decreased
alk phos: normal
PTH: increased
what condition?
- osteomalacia
- rickets
Ca: elevated
Phos: decreased
alk phos: elevated
PTH: elevated
what condition?
- osteitis fibrosis cystica
- parathyroidism
osteomalacia –> pathophys
inadeq Ca and phos –> defective bone mineralization –> bones soften –> bow
osteomalacia –> MCC
vitD3 def –> decreased Ca absorption
osteomalacia –> pathognomonic finding on imaging
pseudofractures (aka Looser’s zone, milkman’s fx)
Paget’s dz –> pathognomonic finding on imaging
“mosaic” lamellar bone pattern
Paget’s dz –> increased risk for what conditoin?
osteosarcoma
hyperPTH –> presentation
- stones
- bones
- abd groans
- psych overtones
slipped capital femoral epiphysis –> emergent consult to ortho is necessary
T/F
T
slipped capital femoral epiphysis –> emergent consult to ortho is necessary –> why?
75% risk of avascular necrosis of femoral head after 48hr
ortho –> emergent fixation of slipped femoral head –> dramatically decrease risk of necrosis
Bench pressing feel “pop” in anterior shoulder what 2 tendons attach to anterior shoulder that could have been injured?
- Biceps
- Pectoralis major
Bench pressing feel “pop” in anterior shoulder what muscle was injured?
Pectoralis major
Bench pressing feel “pop” in anterior shoulder injured pectoralis major muscle at what stage of bench press is pec major tendon at greatest risk of rupture?
During downward motion toward chest
Bench pressing feel “pop” in anterior shoulder injured pectoralis major muscle during downward motion toward chest
What kind of contraction? Why?
Eccentric: muscle lengthen under tension
Bc force of weight is greater than force generated by muscle
cannot spread fingers, atrophy of hypothenar eminence
condition?
ulnar nerve entrapment at Guyon’s canal (wrist)
cannot spread fingers, atrophy of hypothenar eminence, impaired 4th-5th digit flexion
condition?
ulnar entrapment at cubital tunnel (elbow)
differentiate: nutritional rickets vs X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
nutritional rickets:
- elevated PTH
hypophosphatemic rickets:
- normal PTH
nutritional rickets: lab findings
- Ca
- Phos
- Alk Phos
- PTH
- Ca: decreased-normal
- Phos: decreased-normal
- Alk Phos: mild-mod increase
- PTH: increase
what is Thompson test (Simmond’s test)
test for rupture of achilles tendon
normal:
prone –> squeeze calf –> foot should plantarflex
10M –> c/o LBP for months –> MRI shows thoracic kyphosis
dx?
Scheuermann’s disease (juvenile kyphosis)
LE dermatomes
L3: knee
L4: medial leg
L5: big toe
S1: lat leg
UE dermatomes
C4: shoulder C5: dorsal arm C6: thumb C7: middle C8: pinkie
femoral neck fracture –> what blood vessel supplies this area?
medial & lateral femoral circumflex artery
dorsiflex foot –> calf pain
what test? indicates what?
Homan’s sign
DVT
arm flex 90 –> forcible internal rotate
what test? indicates what?
Hawkin’s test
- subacromial impingement
- rotator cuff tendinitis
stabilize scapula –> int rot so thumb points down –> flex arm
what test? indicates what?
Neer’s test
- subacromial impingement
flex shoulder, extend elbow, supinate –> flex shoulder against resistance
what test? indicates what?
Speed’s test
bicipital tendinitis
flex elbow to 90 –> physician pull down elbow, supinate –> patient resist supination
what test? indicates what?
Yergason’s test
bicipital tendinitis
differentiate: Boston brace vs Milwaukee brace
Boston brace:
- for lower dysfx: thoraco-lumbar-sacral
- sits under axilla
Milwaukee brace:
- for higher dysfx: cervico-thoraco-lumbar
- goes from skull to sacrum
biceps –> N
musculocutaneous N
elbow pain –> worse w resisted wrist extension
dx?
lateral epicondylitis
olecranon bursitis –> pain where?
posterior elbow
lateral epicondylitis –> injury to what muscle/tendon?
extensor carpi radialis brevis
supraspinatus –> nerve?
suprascapular N
what is cozen’s sign? indicates what?
ulnar deviate –> difficulty w wrist extension
==> lateral epicondylitis
