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COMLEX 3 > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

what is vicarious liability?

A

attending is responsible for resident’s negligence

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2
Q

what is breach of duty?

A

negligence that results in direct harm to patient

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3
Q

what is negligence

A

physician’s direct action or lack of action directly cause harm to patient

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4
Q

cyanide poisoning –> tx

A
  • thiosulfate

- amyl nitrite

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5
Q

Trendelenburg gait –> caused by weakness of what muscle grp?

A

hip abductors

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6
Q

what is phase 0 of clinical trial?

A

small dose of drug to 10-15ppl to understand how it is processed in body

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7
Q

what is phase 1 of clinical trial?

A

goal: is drug safe?

slowly increase dose in <30ppl until SE become severe

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8
Q

what is phase 2 of clinical trial?

A

does the drug work?

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9
Q

what is phase 3 of clinical trial?

A

compare drug to current standard of care –> does it work better than what is currently used?

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10
Q

what is phase 4 of clinical trial?

A

already approved of FDA –> used by widespread population –> rare SE? alternative uses?

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11
Q

posterior interosseous N syndrome –> deficit

A

weakness of wrist and digit extensors

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12
Q

research study: what is stratified randomized trial?

A

1) patients divided into groups based on specific characteristics
2) then randomly assigned into treatment groups

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13
Q

research study: what controls for confounding factors?

A

randomization

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14
Q

research study: differentiate parallel group trial vs crossover trial

A

Parallel:
Group 1 –> treatment A
Group 2 –> treatment B

Crossover:
One group –> treatment A –> then treatment B

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15
Q

diagnostic tests: disease is located where on box chart?

A

top

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16
Q

diagnostic tests: sens/spec is located where on box chart?

A

bottom

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17
Q

diagnostic tests: PPV/NPV is located where on box chart?

A

right

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18
Q

how to calculate sensitivity?

A

TP/(TP + FN)

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19
Q

how to calculate specificity?

A

TN/(TN + FP)

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20
Q

how to calculate PPV?

A

TP/(TP+FP)

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21
Q

how to calculate NPV?

A

TN/(TN+FN)

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22
Q
  • animal reproductive study: adverse effect on fetus
  • no studies on humans
  • drug benefits may still warrant use

what FDA category?

A

category C

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23
Q
  • animal reproductive study: fetal abnormality
  • evidence of human fetal risk
  • too much risk in use

what FDA category?

A

category X

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24
Q
  • animal reproductive study: no fetal abnormality
  • no human study

what FDA category?

A

category B

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25
Q
  • human study: no fetal risk

what FDA category?

A

category A

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26
Q

exposed vs non-exposed –> get disease?

what kind of study?

A

cohort study

27
Q

disease vs no disease –> exposed?

what kind of study?

A

case-control study

28
Q

cohort study –> how compare groups?

A

relative risk

29
Q

case-control study –> how compare groups?

A

odds ratio

30
Q

isopropyl alcohol ingestion –> tx

A

supportive

31
Q

antifreeze –> what kind of alcohol?

A

ethylene glycol

32
Q

ethylene glycol –> dx

A

antifreeze contains fluorescent dyes –> wood’s lamp –> urine glows

33
Q

ethylene glycol ingestion –> complication

A

renal failure

34
Q

ethylene glycol ingestion –> tx

A
  • ethanol

- fomepizole

35
Q

methanol ingestion –> complication

A

blindness

36
Q

obtundation, fever, anion gap acidosis

dx?

A

salicylate poisoning

37
Q

salicylate poisoning –> tx

A
  • alkalinize urine

- diuresis

38
Q

cherry red skin, cherry red blood

dx?

A

cyanide poisoning

39
Q

organophosphate poisoning –> tx

A

atropine –> pralidoxime

40
Q

what is positive likelihood ratio

A

probability of disease testing positive divided by probability of no disease testing positive

= TP/FP
= sens/(1-spec)

41
Q

cancer screening –> what type of prevention?

A

secondary prevention

42
Q

vaccination –> what type of prevention?

A

primary prevention

43
Q

BB after MI –> what type of prevention?

A

tertiary prevention

44
Q

what is type I HSN

A

Ag –> bind IgE –> mast cell release histamine

45
Q

what is type II HSN

A

Ab –> bind Ag –> complement

46
Q

what is type III HSN

A

Ab-Ag complex –> inflammatory response

47
Q

what vit/mineral def can cause glucose intolerance?

A

chromium def

48
Q

15mo M –> muscle weak, ataxia, hypopigmentation, edema, kinky fragile hair, hepatosplenomegaly

dx?

A

Menkes dz –> copper def

49
Q

microcytic anemia –> give iron supplementation –> anemia worsens

dx?

A

microcytic anemia from copper def, not iron def

50
Q
  • skeletal muscle dysfx
  • cardiomyopathy
  • white nail beds

dx?

A

selenium def

51
Q

who gets pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine?

A
  • > 65yo

- certain health conditions –> >19yo

52
Q

who gets pneumococcal 23-valent vaccine?

A
  • > 65yo –> 1 yr after 13-valent
  • smokers –> 19-64yo
  • certain health conditions –> 19-64yo
53
Q

shingles vaccine –> what age?

A

> 60yo

54
Q

flu vaccine –> what age?

A

> 6mo

55
Q

DTaP –> who? how many?

A

kids –> 5 doses

56
Q

Tdap –> who? how many?

A

adult –> 1 dose

57
Q

when HBV vaccine?

A
  • birth
  • 1 mo
  • 6mo
58
Q

12mo –> what vaccines?

A

MMR-VA

59
Q

Russell sign –> what condition?

A

bulimia

60
Q

Waddell sign –> what condition?

A

malingering

61
Q

Kernig sign –> what condition?

A

meningitis

62
Q

Brudzinski sign –> what condition?

A

meningitis

63
Q

cost effectiveness research —> goal

A

determine monetary cost required to gain a specific health benefit

COMLEX 3 (17 decks)

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