Misc Flashcards
what is vicarious liability?
attending is responsible for resident’s negligence
what is breach of duty?
negligence that results in direct harm to patient
what is negligence
physician’s direct action or lack of action directly cause harm to patient
cyanide poisoning –> tx
- thiosulfate
- amyl nitrite
Trendelenburg gait –> caused by weakness of what muscle grp?
hip abductors
what is phase 0 of clinical trial?
small dose of drug to 10-15ppl to understand how it is processed in body
what is phase 1 of clinical trial?
goal: is drug safe?
slowly increase dose in <30ppl until SE become severe
what is phase 2 of clinical trial?
does the drug work?
what is phase 3 of clinical trial?
compare drug to current standard of care –> does it work better than what is currently used?
what is phase 4 of clinical trial?
already approved of FDA –> used by widespread population –> rare SE? alternative uses?
posterior interosseous N syndrome –> deficit
weakness of wrist and digit extensors
research study: what is stratified randomized trial?
1) patients divided into groups based on specific characteristics
2) then randomly assigned into treatment groups
research study: what controls for confounding factors?
randomization
research study: differentiate parallel group trial vs crossover trial
Parallel:
Group 1 –> treatment A
Group 2 –> treatment B
Crossover:
One group –> treatment A –> then treatment B
diagnostic tests: disease is located where on box chart?
top
diagnostic tests: sens/spec is located where on box chart?
bottom
diagnostic tests: PPV/NPV is located where on box chart?
right
how to calculate sensitivity?
TP/(TP + FN)
how to calculate specificity?
TN/(TN + FP)
how to calculate PPV?
TP/(TP+FP)
how to calculate NPV?
TN/(TN+FN)
- animal reproductive study: adverse effect on fetus
- no studies on humans
- drug benefits may still warrant use
what FDA category?
category C
- animal reproductive study: fetal abnormality
- evidence of human fetal risk
- too much risk in use
what FDA category?
category X
- animal reproductive study: no fetal abnormality
- no human study
what FDA category?
category B
- human study: no fetal risk
what FDA category?
category A
exposed vs non-exposed –> get disease?
what kind of study?
cohort study
disease vs no disease –> exposed?
what kind of study?
case-control study
cohort study –> how compare groups?
relative risk
case-control study –> how compare groups?
odds ratio
isopropyl alcohol ingestion –> tx
supportive
antifreeze –> what kind of alcohol?
ethylene glycol
ethylene glycol –> dx
antifreeze contains fluorescent dyes –> wood’s lamp –> urine glows
ethylene glycol ingestion –> complication
renal failure
ethylene glycol ingestion –> tx
- ethanol
- fomepizole
methanol ingestion –> complication
blindness
obtundation, fever, anion gap acidosis
dx?
salicylate poisoning
salicylate poisoning –> tx
- alkalinize urine
- diuresis
cherry red skin, cherry red blood
dx?
cyanide poisoning
organophosphate poisoning –> tx
atropine –> pralidoxime
what is positive likelihood ratio
probability of disease testing positive divided by probability of no disease testing positive
= TP/FP
= sens/(1-spec)
cancer screening –> what type of prevention?
secondary prevention
vaccination –> what type of prevention?
primary prevention
BB after MI –> what type of prevention?
tertiary prevention
what is type I HSN
Ag –> bind IgE –> mast cell release histamine
what is type II HSN
Ab –> bind Ag –> complement
what is type III HSN
Ab-Ag complex –> inflammatory response
what vit/mineral def can cause glucose intolerance?
chromium def
15mo M –> muscle weak, ataxia, hypopigmentation, edema, kinky fragile hair, hepatosplenomegaly
dx?
Menkes dz –> copper def
microcytic anemia –> give iron supplementation –> anemia worsens
dx?
microcytic anemia from copper def, not iron def
- skeletal muscle dysfx
- cardiomyopathy
- white nail beds
dx?
selenium def
who gets pneumococcal 13-valent vaccine?
- > 65yo
- certain health conditions –> >19yo
who gets pneumococcal 23-valent vaccine?
- > 65yo –> 1 yr after 13-valent
- smokers –> 19-64yo
- certain health conditions –> 19-64yo
shingles vaccine –> what age?
> 60yo
flu vaccine –> what age?
> 6mo
DTaP –> who? how many?
kids –> 5 doses
Tdap –> who? how many?
adult –> 1 dose
when HBV vaccine?
- birth
- 1 mo
- 6mo
12mo –> what vaccines?
MMR-VA
Russell sign –> what condition?
bulimia
Waddell sign –> what condition?
malingering
Kernig sign –> what condition?
meningitis
Brudzinski sign –> what condition?
meningitis
cost effectiveness research —> goal
determine monetary cost required to gain a specific health benefit
