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MSCT > MSCT Week 2: Upper Limb II > Flashcards

MSCT Week 2: Upper Limb II Flashcards

1
Q

All of the major nerves that innervate the upper limb originate from…

A

The Brachial Plexus

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2
Q

The brachial plexus is a _______ plexus formed by the ________ Rami of ____ to ____ and most the the ________________ of ____.

A

The brachial plexus is a somatic plexus formed by the anterior rami of C5 to C8 and most the anterior ramus of T1.

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3
Q

Brachial Plexus location

A

It originates in the neck, passes laterally and inferiorly over rib 1, enters the axilla, and associates with the axillary artery

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4
Q

Brachial plexus parts from proximal to distal

5 listed

A
  • Roots
  • Trunks
  • Divisions
  • Cords
  • Terminal branches
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5
Q

Identify

A
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6
Q

Identify

A
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7
Q

Step 1 of drawing the brachial plexus

A
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8
Q

Step 2 of drawing the brachial plexus

A
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9
Q

Step 3 of drawing the brachial plexus

A
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10
Q

Step 4 of drawing the brachial plexus

A
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11
Q

Step 5 of drawing the brachial plexus

A
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12
Q

Step 6 of drawing the brachial plexus

A
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13
Q

Identify sensory innervation

A
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14
Q

If a nerve is severed as a particular location, the function of the nerve proximal to the injury is?

A

Normal

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15
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve is

A

a terminal branch of the lateral cord and immediately enters the anterior compartment of the arm and runs between the brachialis and biceps brachii muscles

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16
Q

The median nerve is?

3 listed

A
  • A terminal branch from both the lateral and medial cords in the axilla and runs distally in association with the brachial artery in the medial aspect of the arm
  • The nerve crosses anterior to the elbow joint and enters the forearm’In the upper part of the forearm the median nerves gives off a deep branch (anterior interosseous nerve) and continues through the forearm into the hand through the carpal tunnel
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17
Q

Identify

A
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18
Q

the Ulnar Nerve is?

A
  • A terminal branch of the medial cord that runs distally in association with the brachial artery and median nerve in the medial aspect of the arm
  • The nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and enters the forearm
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19
Q

The nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and enters the forearm

A

The ulnar Nerve

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20
Q

The nerve travels down the medial aspect of the forearm close to the ulna and divides into a superficial and deep branch at the wrist

A

The Ulnar Nerve

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21
Q

Identify

A
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22
Q

The Axillary nerve is?

A

A terminal branch of the posterior cord that exits through the posterior wall of the axilla and passes posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus

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23
Q

A terminal branch of the posterior cord that exits through the posterior wall of the axilla and passes posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus

A

The axillary nerve

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24
Q

The Radial Nerve is?

A
  • A terminal branch of the posterior cord that passes out of the axilla into the posterior compartment of the arm in close association to the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus
  • The nerve enters the forearm posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and travels to the posterior aspect of the hand
  • As it travels through the forearm it gives off a deep branch, (posterior interosseous nerve)
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25
Q

A terminal branch of the posterior cord that passes out of the axilla into the posterior compartment of the arm in close association to the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus

A

The Radial Nerve

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26
Q

The nerve enters the forearm posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and travels to the posterior aspect of the hand

A

The Radial Nerve

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27
Q

As it travels through the forearm it gives off a deep branch, (posterior interosseous nerve)

A

The Radial Nerve

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28
Q

Identify

A
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29
Q

Loss of a nerve results in?

A

Atrophy disuse of that muscle

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30
Q

A movement that is accomplished by 2 or more muscles innervated by different nerves when only one of the nerves is damaged will result in?

A

Weakness of the movement

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31
Q

A movement that is accomplished by muscles that are all innervated by the same nerve when damaged will result in?

A

Complete loss of movement

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32
Q

Loss of muscle function nearly always results in the opposite function/motion being?

A

Dominant

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33
Q

In addition to a motor deficit, injury to a nerve is often associated with a…

A

sensory loss as well

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34
Q

When thinking about lesions of nerves in the upper limb remember these

6 listed

A
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35
Q

The 2 most common injuries to the axillary nerve are?

A
  • Anterior dislocation of the humerus
  • Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
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36
Q

The most common injury to the Radial nerve is?

A

midshaft fractures of the humerus

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37
Q

Outcomes of damage to the axillary nerve

A
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38
Q

Outcomes of damage to the Radial nerve

A
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39
Q

Identify

A
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40
Q

Common injuries to the Median Nerve?

4 listed

A
  • Fractures of the elbow
  • Fractures of the distal humerus
  • fractures of the Carpal tunnel
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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41
Q

Outcomes of damage to the Median Nerve from supraepicondylar fractures of the humerus

A
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42
Q

Identify

A
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43
Q

Outcomes of damage to the median nerve from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, fracture or laceration

A
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44
Q

Damage outcomes to the deep branch of the median nerve

A
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45
Q

Deep branch of the Median Nerve AKA

A

Anterior Interosseous Nerve

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46
Q

Anterior Interosseous Nerve AKA

A

Deep Branch of the Median Nerve

47
Q

Damage outcomes to the anterior Interosseous Nerve

A
48
Q

Identify

A
49
Q

What nerve is injured

A
50
Q

Common injuries to the Ulnar Nerve

2 listed

A
  • Fractures of the medial epicondyle or compression of the nerve against the bone
  • Fractures or lacerations to the ventral medial side of the wrist
51
Q

Identify

A
52
Q

Ulnar Nerve damage outcomes of entrapment at the elbow or epicondyle fracture

A
53
Q

which nerve is indicated by this test

A

ulnar nerve test

54
Q

Ulnar Nerve damage outcomes of wrist fracture or laceration

A
55
Q

Common Lesions of the Musculocutaneous nerve

A

Lesions of the musculocutaneous nerve are not common but can occur

56
Q

Outcomes of damage to the musculocutaneous nerve

A
57
Q

Identify

A
58
Q

Most common lesions of the brachial plexus

A
  • Upper brachial plexus injury (birth injury, fall on the shoulder)
  • Lower brachial plexus injury (birth injury, severe abduction of the arm)
59
Q

Upper brachial plexus injury nerves involved

3 listed

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve
  • axillary nerve
  • suprascapular nerve
60
Q

Lower brachial plexus injury nerves involved

A

Primarily involves the Ulnar nerve

61
Q

Erb’s Palsy AKA

A

Upper Brachial Plexus Injury

62
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy AKA

A

Lower Brachial plexus injury

63
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy Causes

A

An undue abduction of the arm or birth injury

64
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy Nerves

2 listed

A
  • Ulnar Nerve
  • Median Nerve (can also be involved)
65
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy Deformity

2 listed

A
  • Ulnar Claw hand due to the unopposed action of the long flexors and extensors of the fingers
  • Hyperextension of the MP joints and flexion at the IP joints
66
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy Disability

3 listed

A
  • intrinsic muscles of the hand
  • ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers
  • Sensations lost over a small area along the ulnar border of the forearm and hand
67
Q

Erb’s Palsy Causes

A

Undue separation of the head from the shoulder commonly encountered in birth injury or fall on the shoulder

68
Q

Erb’s Palsy Nerves

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • axillary nerve
  • suprascapular nerve
69
Q

Erb’s Palsy Deformity

A
  • Arm hangs by the side
  • it is abducted and medially rotated
  • The forearm is extended and hand pronated
70
Q

Erb’s Palsy Disability

3 listed

A

Loss of Function

  • Abduction and lateral rotation of the arm
  • Flexion and supination of the forearm
  • Sensations lost over a small area over the lower part of the shoulder
71
Q

what is this?

A

Erb’s Palsy

72
Q

What is this?

A

Klumpke’s Palsy

73
Q

The vascular supply to the upper limb originates from the?

A

Subclavian Artery in the inferior part of the neck

74
Q

The subclavian continues anterior or posterior to the clavicle?

A

Posterior

75
Q

The subclavian enters the axilla where it?

A

Changes its name to the axillary artery

76
Q

The subclavian gives off a branch in the neck called?

A

Thyrocervical Trunk

77
Q

Thyrocervical Trunk important in?

A

The collateral circulation of the shoulder

78
Q

Axillary artery branches

5 Listed

A
  • Superior Thoracic
  • Thoracoacromial
  • Lateral Thoracic
  • Subscapular
  • anterior humeral circumflex
79
Q

After giving off __ branches the axillary artery becomes the?

A
  • 5 branches
  • brachial artery in the arm
80
Q

The brachial artery branches

A

One major branch the Deep Brachial

81
Q

The deep brachial supplies…

A

the posterior compartment

82
Q

Anterior to the elbow the brachial artery splits into

A

The radial and ulnar arteries

83
Q

Identify

A
84
Q

Identify

A
85
Q

The radial and ulnar arteries run to the hand and anastomose with one another as the?

A

Superficial and deep palmar arches

86
Q

Collateral circulation around the shoulder: blockages of the axillary artery between the origins of the thyrocervical trunk and subscapular arteries may be bypassed by

A

anastomoses between the branches of the thyrocervical trunk (suprascapular artery, transverse cervical and dorsal scapular artery)

and

branches of the subscapular artery (circumflex artery)

87
Q

Identify

A
88
Q

Identify

A
89
Q

Collateral circulation around the elbow: Blockages of the brachial artery between the origin of the superior and inferior ulnar collaterals and the bifurcation of the brachial artery may be bypassed by?

A

The collateral branches of the radial and ulnar arteries and the brachial and deep brachial arteries

90
Q

Identify

A
91
Q

Collateral circulation around the wrist: Blockage of either the radial or ulnar artery in the distal forearm may be bypassed by the?

A

Anastomoses established between these two arteries through the superficial and deep palmar arches

92
Q

Identify

A
93
Q

Identify

A
94
Q

Identify

A
95
Q

Identify

A
96
Q

Upper Limb Overview

A
97
Q

Nerve Lesion O verview

A
98
Q

Overview of muscles in the post forearm

A
99
Q

Nerve Lesion Overview

A
100
Q

Anterior forearm muscle overview

A
101
Q

Ant Int Oss syndrome

A
102
Q

Ulnar Lesions

A
103
Q

Muscles of the hand

A
104
Q

deep intrinsic muscles of the hand

A
105
Q

Erb’s Overview

A
106
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy Overview

A
107
Q

Vascularization of the upper limb Over iew

A
108
Q

Collateral Circulation of the Shoulder

A
109
Q

Collateral Circulation of the Elbow

A
110
Q

Collateral Circulation of the Wrist and Hand

A
111
Q

PQ1

A
112
Q

PQ2

A
113
Q

PQ3

A

MSCT (30 decks)

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