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MSCT > MSCT Week 1: Upper Limb I > Flashcards

MSCT Week 1: Upper Limb I Flashcards

1
Q

The bones of the shoulder include

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • the proximal end of the humerus
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2
Q

bones of the hand and digits are the…

3 Listed

A
  • Carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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3
Q

axial vs appendicular skeleton

A
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4
Q

A muscle will act on any joint that it __________.

A

Crosses

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5
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

permit little to no movement and consist of two bones joined by dense connective tissue

(sutures of the skull)

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6
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

permit slight amounts of movement and consist of two bones joined by fibrocartilaginous discs between the articular surfaces

(Sternocostal joints, intervertebral joints, symphysis pubis)

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7
Q

Synovial Joints

A

permit the greatest degree of movement and consist of two bones separated by a narrow synovial cavity and supported by a connective tissue capsule and associated ligaments

Represented by the major joints of the upper and lower limbs (shoulder, knee, etc.)

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8
Q

Identify

A

Synovial joint

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9
Q

Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of

A

a synovial/joint cavity

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10
Q

The joint cavity is surrounded by

A

the articular capsule

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11
Q

Articular capsule

A

a fibrous connective tissue structure that is attached to each bone just outside the area of the bone’s articulating surface

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12
Q

Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of _________________

A

Articular Cartilage

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13
Q

Articular cartilage

A

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone

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14
Q

Identify

A

synovial joint

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15
Q

Lining the inner surface of the capsule is the ________________

A

Synovial membrane

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16
Q

Cells that line the surface of the synovial membrane

A

Intima

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17
Q

Intima cells function

3 listed

A
  • secretes the synovial fluid that provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint
  • provides a degree of surface tension to hold the ends of the bones together
  • provides nourishment to the articular cartilage
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18
Q

Synovial fluid functions

A
  • provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint
  • provides a degree of surface tension to hold the ends of the bones together
  • provides nourishment to the articular cartilage
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19
Q

Subintima

A

the remainder of the synovial membrane which consists of highly vascularized loose connective tissue

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20
Q

Injury or irritation of the synovial membrane can lead to…

A

excess production of joint fluid or effusion

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21
Q

Bones are connected together by

A

ligaments

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22
Q

Muscles are connected to bones via

A

tendons

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23
Q

Ligament function

A

strengthen and support the joint and limit the range of motion

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24
Q

Ligaments are classified based on their relationship to the ___________.

A

fibrous capsule

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25
Q

Extrinsic Ligament classification

A

located outside of the articular capsule

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26
Q

Intrinsic ligament Classification

A

fused to or incorporated into the wall of the capsule

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27
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

in rare instances there are also ligaments located inside of the capsule

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28
Q

Synovial joints are supported by

A

both passive and active stabilizers

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29
Q

The passive or static stabilizers include

A
  • the shapes of bones
  • fibrocartilaginous disks
  • joint capsule
  • ligaments
  • surface tension by synovial fluid
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30
Q

The active or dynamic stabilizers

A
  • muscles
  • associated tendons that cross the joint
    *
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31
Q

The glenohumeral joint

A

the articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. This joint allows for the following movements of the arm; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and internal and external rotation

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32
Q

The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

A

are the articulations between the clavicle and the sternum and the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula respectively. these joints are relatively immobile and allow for a gliding type of motion

33
Q

Identify

A
34
Q

The scapulothoracic joint

A

is not a true joint in the sense of the word but rather a functional joint. It occurs between the anterior surface of the scapula and posterior/lateral thoracic wall. The movements of the scapula that occur here are;

  • Elevation
  • Depression
  • Protraction
  • Retraction
  • upward rotation
  • Downward rotation
35
Q

Scapula joint actions

6 Listed

A
36
Q

The most important static stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint are…

A

the capsule and its associated ligaments

37
Q

The most important dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint are…

A

the muscles of the rotator cuff

38
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff

4 Listed

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres minor
39
Q

Supraspinatus Action

A

initiates and assists with abducting of the arm

40
Q

Infraspinatus Action

A
  • External rotation
  • abduction and adduction
41
Q

Subscapularis Action

A

Internal rotation

42
Q

Teres minor action

A
  • External rotation
  • Adduction
43
Q

Important ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Glenoid labrum
  • glenohumeral ligaments
44
Q

The ligaments that support the Acromioclavicular joint

2 listed

A
  • acromioclavicular ligament
  • coracoclavicular ligaments
45
Q

The coracoacromial ligament creates an ________ over the top of the glenohumeral joint and a space through which the supraspinatus tendon passes which can contribute to ______

A
  • Arch
  • impingement of the supraspinatus
46
Q

Shoulder dislocation

A
  • Disarticulation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid is called a shoulder dislocation
47
Q

Most common shoulder dislocation

A

in most cases, the head of the humerus moves anteriorly and inferiorly relative to the glenoid

48
Q

Grade I Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion

A

A slight displacement of the joint. The acromioclavicular ligament may be stretched or partially torn. This is the most common type of injury to the AC joint.

49
Q

Grade II Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion

A

A partial dislocation of the joint in which there may be some displacement that may not be obvious during a physical examination. The acromioclavicular ligament is completely torn while the coracoclavicular ligaments remain intact.

50
Q

Grade III Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion

A

A complete separation of the joint. The acromioclavicular ligament, the coracoclavicular ligaments, and the capsule surrounding the joint are torn. Usually, the displacement is obvious on clinical exam. without any ligament support, the shoulder falls under the weight of the arm and the clavicle is pushed up, causing an obvious bump on top of the shoulder.

51
Q

The arm can be divided into how many compartments

A

two compartments separated by the medial and lateral intermuscular septum

52
Q

Identify

A
53
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

3 listed

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
54
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps Brachii

55
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

56
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm are innervated by?

A

Radial nerve

57
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are supplied by?

A

Brachial artery

58
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm are supplied by?

A

Deep brachial artery

59
Q

Biceps Brachii function

3 listed

A
  • flexes arm
  • flexes forearm
  • supinates hand
60
Q

Brachialis Function

A

Flexes forearm

61
Q

Coracobrachialis function

A

Flexes arm

62
Q

Triceps Brachii Action

A
  • Extends arm
  • Extends forearm
63
Q

Identify Compartment and muscles

A
64
Q

The bones of the forearm include the…

A
  • Radius
  • Ulna
65
Q

Major joints of the forearm

4 listed

A
  • elbow
  • wrist
  • proximal radioulnar
  • distal radioulnar
66
Q

Identify

A
67
Q

The elbow joint is the articulation between?

A
68
Q

The wrist/radiocarpal joint is the articulation between and allows?

A
69
Q

The proximal and distal radioulnar joints are the articulations between and allow for?

A
70
Q

The forearm has how many compartments and is separated by what?

A

The forearm can be divided into two compartments, anterior and posterior, separated by the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna and the medial and lateral intermuscular septum.

71
Q

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

9 listed

A
  • Pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • pronator quadratus
72
Q

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm

10 listed

A
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitoroum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor indicis
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • supinator
73
Q

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by?

A

The median nerve EXCEPT for the Flexor Carpi ulnaris and the ulnar/medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

74
Q

the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and the ulnar/medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus are innervated by?

A

Ulnar nerve

75
Q

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are supplied by?

A

radial and ulnar arteries

76
Q

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by?

A

all are innervated by the radial nerve

77
Q

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are supplied by?

A

all are supplied by the radial and ulnar arteries

78
Q

Identify compartments and structures

A
79
Q
A

MSCT (30 decks)

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