MSCT Week 1: Upper Limb I

Question 1

The bones of the shoulder include

Answer 1

• scapula
• clavicle
• the proximal end of the humerus

Question 2

bones of the hand and digits are the…

3 Listed

Answer 2

• Carpals
• metacarpals
• phalanges

Question 3

axial vs appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

Question 4

A muscle will act on any joint that it __________.

Answer 4

Crosses

Question 5

Fibrous Joints

Answer 5

permit little to no movement and consist of two bones joined by dense connective tissue

(sutures of the skull)

Question 6

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 6

permit slight amounts of movement and consist of two bones joined by fibrocartilaginous discs between the articular surfaces

(Sternocostal joints, intervertebral joints, symphysis pubis)

Question 7

Synovial Joints

Answer 7

permit the greatest degree of movement and consist of two bones separated by a narrow synovial cavity and supported by a connective tissue capsule and associated ligaments

Represented by the major joints of the upper and lower limbs (shoulder, knee, etc.)

Question 8

Identify

Answer 8

Synovial joint

Question 9

Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of

Answer 9

a synovial/joint cavity

Question 10

The joint cavity is surrounded by

Answer 10

the articular capsule

Question 11

Articular capsule

Answer 11

a fibrous connective tissue structure that is attached to each bone just outside the area of the bone’s articulating surface

Question 12

Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of _________________

Answer 12

Articular Cartilage

Question 13

Articular cartilage

Answer 13

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone

Question 14

Identify

Answer 14

synovial joint

Question 15

Lining the inner surface of the capsule is the ________________

Answer 15

Synovial membrane

Question 16

Cells that line the surface of the synovial membrane

Answer 16

Intima

Question 17

Intima cells function

3 listed

Answer 17

• secretes the synovial fluid that provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint
• provides a degree of surface tension to hold the ends of the bones together
• provides nourishment to the articular cartilage

Question 18

Synovial fluid functions

Answer 18

• provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint
• provides a degree of surface tension to hold the ends of the bones together
• provides nourishment to the articular cartilage

Question 19

Subintima

Answer 19

the remainder of the synovial membrane which consists of highly vascularized loose connective tissue

Question 20

Injury or irritation of the synovial membrane can lead to…

Answer 20

excess production of joint fluid or effusion

Question 21

Bones are connected together by

Answer 21

ligaments

Question 22

Muscles are connected to bones via

Answer 22

tendons

Question 23

Ligament function

Answer 23

strengthen and support the joint and limit the range of motion

Question 24

Ligaments are classified based on their relationship to the ___________.

Answer 24

fibrous capsule

Question 25

Extrinsic Ligament classification

Answer 25

located outside of the articular capsule

Question 26

Intrinsic ligament Classification

Answer 26

fused to or incorporated into the wall of the capsule

Question 27

Intracapsular ligaments

Answer 27

in rare instances there are also ligaments located inside of the capsule

Question 28

Synovial joints are supported by

Answer 28

both passive and active stabilizers

Question 29

The passive or static stabilizers include

Answer 29

* the shapes of bones * fibrocartilaginous disks * joint capsule * ligaments * surface tension by synovial fluid

Question 30

The active or dynamic stabilizers

Answer 30

* muscles * associated tendons that cross the joint *

Question 31

The glenohumeral joint

Answer 31

the articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. This joint allows for the following movements of the arm; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and internal and external rotation

Question 32

The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

Answer 32

are the articulations between the clavicle and the sternum and the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula respectively. these joints are relatively immobile and allow for a gliding type of motion

Question 33

Identify

Answer 33

Question 34

The scapulothoracic joint

Answer 34

is not a true joint in the sense of the word but rather a functional joint. It occurs between the anterior surface of the scapula and posterior/lateral thoracic wall. The movements of the scapula that occur here are; * Elevation * Depression * Protraction * Retraction * upward rotation * Downward rotation

Question 35

Scapula joint actions 6 Listed

Answer 35

Question 36

The most important static stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint are...

Answer 36

the capsule and its associated ligaments

Question 37

The most important dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint are...

Answer 37

the muscles of the rotator cuff

Question 38

Muscles of the rotator cuff 4 Listed

Answer 38

* Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Subscapularis * Teres minor

Question 39

Supraspinatus Action

Answer 39

initiates and assists with abducting of the arm

Question 40

Infraspinatus Action

Answer 40

* External rotation * abduction and adduction

Question 41

Subscapularis Action

Answer 41

Internal rotation

Question 42

Teres minor action

Answer 42

* External rotation * Adduction

Question 43

Important ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 43

* Glenoid labrum * glenohumeral ligaments

Question 44

The ligaments that support the Acromioclavicular joint 2 listed

Answer 44

* acromioclavicular ligament * coracoclavicular ligaments

Question 45

The coracoacromial ligament creates an ________ over the top of the glenohumeral joint and a space through which the supraspinatus tendon passes which can contribute to \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 45

* Arch * impingement of the supraspinatus

Question 46

Shoulder dislocation

Answer 46

* Disarticulation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid is called a shoulder dislocation

Question 47

Most common shoulder dislocation

Answer 47

in most cases, the head of the humerus moves anteriorly and inferiorly relative to the glenoid

Question 48

Grade I Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion

Answer 48

A slight displacement of the joint. The acromioclavicular ligament may be stretched or partially torn. This is the most common type of injury to the AC joint.

Question 49

Grade II Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion

Answer 49

A partial dislocation of the joint in which there may be some displacement that may not be obvious during a physical examination. The acromioclavicular ligament is completely torn while the coracoclavicular ligaments remain intact.

Question 50

Grade III Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion

Answer 50

A complete separation of the joint. The acromioclavicular ligament, the coracoclavicular ligaments, and the capsule surrounding the joint are torn. Usually, the displacement is obvious on clinical exam. without any ligament support, the shoulder falls under the weight of the arm and the clavicle is pushed up, causing an obvious bump on top of the shoulder.

Question 51

The arm can be divided into how many compartments

Answer 51

two compartments separated by the medial and lateral intermuscular septum

Question 52

Identify

Answer 52

Question 53

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm 3 listed

Answer 53

* Biceps brachii * Brachialis * Coracobrachialis

Question 54

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm

Answer 54

Triceps Brachii

Question 55

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by?

Answer 55

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 56

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm are innervated by?

Answer 56

Radial nerve

Question 57

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are supplied by?

Answer 57

Brachial artery

Question 58

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm are supplied by?

Answer 58

Deep brachial artery

Question 59

Biceps Brachii function 3 listed

Answer 59

* flexes arm * flexes forearm * supinates hand

Question 60

Brachialis Function

Answer 60

Flexes forearm

Question 61

Coracobrachialis function

Answer 61

Flexes arm

Question 62

Triceps Brachii Action

Answer 62

* Extends arm * Extends forearm

Question 63

Identify Compartment and muscles

Answer 63

Question 64

The bones of the forearm include the...

Answer 64

* Radius * Ulna

Question 65

Major joints of the forearm 4 listed

Answer 65

* elbow * wrist * proximal radioulnar * distal radioulnar

Question 66

Identify

Answer 66

Question 67

The elbow joint is the articulation between?

Answer 67

Question 68

The wrist/radiocarpal joint is the articulation between and allows?

Answer 68

Question 69

The proximal and distal radioulnar joints are the articulations between and allow for?

Answer 69

Question 70

The forearm has how many compartments and is separated by what?

Answer 70

The forearm can be divided into two compartments, anterior and posterior, separated by the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna and the medial and lateral intermuscular septum.

Question 71

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm 9 listed

Answer 71

* Pronator teres * flexor carpi radialis * flexor carpi ulnaris * palmaris longus * flexor digitorum superficialis * flexor pollicis longus * flexor digitorum profundus * pronator quadratus

Question 72

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm 10 listed

Answer 72

* extensor carpi ulnaris * extensor carpi radialis longus * extensor carpi radialis brevis * extensor digitoroum * extensor digiti minimi * extensor indicis * abductor pollicis longus * extensor pollicis longus * extensor pollicis brevis * supinator

Question 73

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by?

Answer 73

The median nerve **EXCEPT** for the Flexor Carpi ulnaris and the ulnar/medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

Question 74

the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and the ulnar/medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus are innervated by?

Answer 74

Ulnar nerve

Question 75

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are supplied by?

Answer 75

radial and ulnar arteries

Question 76

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by?

Answer 76

all are innervated by the radial nerve

Question 77

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are supplied by?

Answer 77

all are supplied by the radial and ulnar arteries

Question 78

Identify compartments and structures

Answer 78

Question 79