Mr Allsopp- Respiration Flashcards
what is the rule of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed
what is the equation for photosynthesis
water and carbon dioxide gets glucose and oxygen
what is photosynthesis
trap energy to make glucose
what is respiration
produce ATP- breakdown of complex organic molecules to make smaller inorganic ones - opposite for photosynthesis
what are carbon-hydrogen bonds
energy is used to break bonds and energy is released when bonds are formed
what is an exothermic reaction
overall reaction releases energy - makes more bonds that are broken
what is an endotherm reaction
reaction where overall reaction takes in energy
break more bonds than made in reaction
ATP synthesis in photosynthesis
light provides energy to form chemical bonds in ATP which are then broken to release energy needed to make bonds for glucose
ATP synthesis in respiration
organic molecules broken down and energy released is synthesises ATP which is used to supply energy needed to break bonds in metabolic reactions of the cell
what is chemiosmosis
diffusion of protons from region of high concentration to low through partially permeable membrane
explain the process of chemiosmosis
sun excites electrons
electrons go to electron carrier at high concentration creating electrochemical gradient as energy is used to actively pump hydrogen ions across the membrane
due to the high concentration some hydrogen ions diffuse back into membrane down concentration gradient through channel protein where ATP synthase is attached intracellularly and catalyses ADP+PI
where is a photosystem located
membrane of thylakoid
what is the primary pigment of the photosystem
chlorophyll, chlorophyll A located in reaction centre
what is the light harvesting system
location of other pigments such as chlorophyll B, xanthophyll’s, catenoids (antenna pigments)
how does chlorophyll A look green
absorbs light wavelengths of blue/red but doesn’t absorb green/yellow so reflects it
what is non-cyclic photophosphorylation
involves photosystem 11 and followed by photosystem 1
outline the first stage of the light dependant stage of photosynthesis
PS11- absorbs light, excited electrons and produces ATP via chemiosmosis
what is photolysis
the electrons from PS11 must be replenished by light splitting water into electrons, protons and oxygen
oxygen is waste so is released
electrons are used in electron transport chain
protons added to high con,. to contribute to chemiosmosis
what happens at photosystem 1
light excites electrons ( absorbs more light)
electrons are then added to NADP and protons to make NADPH
what is pigment
natural colouring matter of animal or plant tissue
what is cyclic phosphorylation
electrons can leave the chain after PS1 and can be returned to PS1 instead of being used to form reduced NADP
where does the light independent stage occur
stroma
what is used in the light independent reaction
co2, ATP and recued NAD (products of light independent reaction)
what is the first stage of the light independent reaction
rubisco adds CO2 ( 1 carbon) to ribose bisphosphate ( 5 carbon)
