Movement Practical: Lower limb 5 Flashcards
What is the common origin of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis?
Superolateral surface of calcaneus
Where does extensor digitorum brevis insert?
Lateral sides of the tendons of extensor digitorum longus
Where does extensor hallucis brevis insert?
The base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
Which nerve are the intrinsic dorsal muscles of the foot innervated by and what are its spinal nerve roots?
Deep fibular nerve
L4,L5
What are the muscles in the first layer of plantar foot muscles?
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Where do the muscles in the first layer of plantar foot muscles originate?
Calcaneal tuberosity
Flexor digitorum brevis: medial tuberosity
Abductor hallucis: medial tuberosity
Abductor digiti minimi: lateral tuberosity
What are the distal attachments of flexor digitorum brevis?
Sides of the plantar surface of the middle phalanges of toes II-V
Which of the tendons of flexor digitorum brevis and longus is more superficial?
Flexor digitorum brevis
Which joint in toes II-V does flexor digitorum brevis flex?
Proximal interphalangeal
Where does abductor digiti minimi insert?
Lateral side of the proximal phalanx of toe V
Which of the muscles in the first layer of plantar foot muscles is not innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
Abductor digiti minimi
Where does abductor hallucis insert?
Medial side of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
What are the functions of abductor hallucis?
Flexes and abducts the great toe
What has to be reflected to view the muscles on the plantar aspect of the foot?
Plantar aponeurosis
What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?
Supports the medial longitudinal arch and protects deeper structures
Which muscle in the second plantar layer is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
First lumbrical
What is the function of the lumbricals?
Flex the metatarsophalangeal joints II-V
Extend the proximal interphalangeal joints of toes II-V
From the tendons of which muscle do the lumbricals originate?
Flexor digitorum longus
Where does quadratus plantae originate?
Medial surface of the calcaneal tuberosity
Lateral process on the calcaneal tuberosity
Where is the distal attachment of quadratus plantae?
Lateral side of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus
What is the function of quadratus plantae?
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing toes II-V
What are the muscles in the third plantar layer in the foot?
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Which muscle in the third plantar layer of the foot is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
Flexor hallucis brevis
Where does flexor hallucis brevis originate?
Plantar surface of cuboid
Plantar surface of lateral cuneiform
Where do the two heads of adductor hallucis originate?
Transverse: Bases of toes III-V
Oblique: Bases of metatarsals II-IV
Where does flexor digiti minimi brevis originate?
Base of metatarsal V
How many dorsal and plantar interossei are there?
Dorsal: four
Plantar: three
Where do the dorsal interossei originate?
Sides of adjacent metatarsals
Where do the dorsal interossei insert?
Proximal phalanges toes II-V
Where do the plantar interossei originate?
Medial sides of metatarsals III-V
Where do the plantar interossei insert?
Proximal phalanges toes III-V
What are the functions of the interossei?
Dorsal: abduct toes II-V
Plantar: adduct toes III-V
