Movement Practical: Lower limb 5

Question 1

What is the common origin of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis?

Answer 1

Superolateral surface of calcaneus

Question 2

Where does extensor digitorum brevis insert?

Answer 2

Lateral sides of the tendons of extensor digitorum longus

Question 3

Where does extensor hallucis brevis insert?

Answer 3

The base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Question 4

Which nerve are the intrinsic dorsal muscles of the foot innervated by and what are its spinal nerve roots?

Answer 4

Deep fibular nerve

L4,L5

Question 5

What are the muscles in the first layer of plantar foot muscles?

Answer 5

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

Question 6

Where do the muscles in the first layer of plantar foot muscles originate?

Answer 6

Calcaneal tuberosity
Flexor digitorum brevis: medial tuberosity
Abductor hallucis: medial tuberosity
Abductor digiti minimi: lateral tuberosity

Question 7

What are the distal attachments of flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 7

Sides of the plantar surface of the middle phalanges of toes II-V

Question 8

Which of the tendons of flexor digitorum brevis and longus is more superficial?

Answer 8

Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 9

Which joint in toes II-V does flexor digitorum brevis flex?

Answer 9

Proximal interphalangeal

Question 10

Where does abductor digiti minimi insert?

Answer 10

Lateral side of the proximal phalanx of toe V

Question 11

Which of the muscles in the first layer of plantar foot muscles is not innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

Answer 11

Abductor digiti minimi

Question 12

Where does abductor hallucis insert?

Answer 12

Medial side of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Question 13

What are the functions of abductor hallucis?

Answer 13

Flexes and abducts the great toe

Question 14

What has to be reflected to view the muscles on the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 14

Plantar aponeurosis

Question 15

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 15

Supports the medial longitudinal arch and protects deeper structures

Question 16

Which muscle in the second plantar layer is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

Answer 16

First lumbrical

Question 17

What is the function of the lumbricals?

Answer 17

Flex the metatarsophalangeal joints II-V

Extend the proximal interphalangeal joints of toes II-V

Question 18

From the tendons of which muscle do the lumbricals originate?

Answer 18

Flexor digitorum longus

Question 19

Where does quadratus plantae originate?

Answer 19

Medial surface of the calcaneal tuberosity

Lateral process on the calcaneal tuberosity

Question 20

Where is the distal attachment of quadratus plantae?

Answer 20

Lateral side of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Question 21

What is the function of quadratus plantae?

Answer 21

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing toes II-V

Question 22

What are the muscles in the third plantar layer in the foot?

Answer 22

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 23

Which muscle in the third plantar layer of the foot is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

Answer 23

Flexor hallucis brevis

Question 24

Where does flexor hallucis brevis originate?

Answer 24

Plantar surface of cuboid

Plantar surface of lateral cuneiform

Question 25

Where do the two heads of adductor hallucis originate?

Answer 25

Transverse: Bases of toes III-V
Oblique: Bases of metatarsals II-IV

Question 26

Where does flexor digiti minimi brevis originate?

Answer 26

Base of metatarsal V

Question 27

How many dorsal and plantar interossei are there?

Answer 27

Dorsal: four
Plantar: three

Question 28

Where do the dorsal interossei originate?

Answer 28

Sides of adjacent metatarsals

Question 29

Where do the dorsal interossei insert?

Answer 29

Proximal phalanges toes II-V

Question 30

Where do the plantar interossei originate?

Answer 30

Medial sides of metatarsals III-V

Question 31

Where do the plantar interossei insert?

Answer 31

Proximal phalanges toes III-V

Question 32

What are the functions of the interossei?

Answer 32

Dorsal: abduct toes II-V
Plantar: adduct toes III-V