Movement Practical: Lower Limb 2 Flashcards
What femoral structure prevents lateral dislocation of the patella?
Lateral condyle
How many intermuscular septa does the fascia lata form in the thigh?
Three - forms anterior, medial and posterior compartments
To what feature of the femur do the intermuscular septa of the fascia lata attach to?
Linea aspera
What is the common origin of the three major hamstring muscles?
Upper ischial tuberosity (posterior surface)
What is the innervation of the hamstrings, where does it branch from and what are its nerve roots?
Tibial nerve
Branch of the sciatic nerve
L5, S1, S2
Where does the long head of biceps femoris insert?
The head of the fibula
Where does semitendinosus insert?
The medial surface of the proximal tibia
Where does semimembranosus insert?
Knee joint capsule
Groove on the medial tibial condyle (inferior to medial collateral ligament insertion)
Why is the short head of biceps femoris not considered part of the hamstrings?
Doesn’t share the same origin and innervation
Where does the short head of biceps femoris originate and insert?
Lateral lip of the linea aspera
Head of the fibula
What is the innervation of the short head of biceps femoris, what are its nerve roots and where does it branch from?
Common fibular/peroneal nerve
Branch of the sciatic nerve
L5, S1, S2
What are the nerve roots of the common fibular/peroneal nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2
What are the nerve roots of the tibial nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Which nerve is larger, the tibial or the common fibular/peroneal?
Tibial, about twice the size of the common fibular/peroneal
What is the common function of the hamstrings?
Extension at the hip and flexion at the knee
How to biceps femoris and the other two hamstring muscles differ in their function?
Biceps femoris laterally rotates the femur and the leg
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially rotate the femur and the leg
What is the common innervation of the hamstring part of adductor magnus and the hamstring muscles?
Tibial nerve
L5, S1, S2
What is the proximal attachment of adductor magnus?
Upper surface of the ischial tuberosity
Adductor part also originates from ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus
Which muscle in the posterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by the obturator nerve and what are its nerve roots?
Adductor part of adductor magnus
L2, L3, L4
Why is the hamstrings part of adductor magnus considered as part of the hamstrings despite being in the medial compartment?
Similar function
Same proximal attachment
Same innervation
Which nerve deviates laterally in the popliteal fossa?
Common fibular/peroneal nerve
Which nerve passes through the midline in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve
Which muscles form the superior borders of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris laterally
Semimembranosus/tendinosus medially
What forms the inferior borders of the popliteal fossa?
Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
Which boundary of the popliteal fossa is formed by a deep fascia continuous with the fascia lata?
Roof
What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?
Knee joint capsule and surfaces of the femur/tibia
Popliteus muscle
Which blood vessels run through the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal vein and artery
What drains into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa?
Small saphenous vein
What is the secondary function of gastrocnemius (other than plantarflexion of the ankle)?
Flexion of the knee
Which muscles other than gastrocnemius form the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Plantaris and soleus
What is the common function of the superficial posterior muscles of the leg?
Plantarflexion of the ankle
What is the most superficial structure in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve
What is the arrangement of the tibial nerve and popliteal vessels from lateral to medial?
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery
Which head of gastrocnemius is larger in terms of muscle mass?
Medial
Which muscle in the superficial group of the posterior muscles of the leg is unable to contribute to flexion of the knee and why?
Soleus: plantaris and gastrocnemius attach to the tibial condyles, soleus originates from the head of the fibula
On which side of the leg can soleus be more easily seen and palpated?
Lateral
