Movement Lecture 2 - Knee joint

Question 1

What are the three articulations in the knee joint?

Answer 1

Medial and lateral femerotibial

Femeropatellar

Question 2

What movements are possible at the knee joint?

Answer 2

Flexion and extension

Rotation when the knee is flexed

Question 3

What movement does the femur undergo when the knee joint is nearing full extension?

Answer 3

Medial rotation to lock the knee

Question 4

Which muscle unlocks the knee following full extension?

Answer 4

Popliteus

Question 5

What structures improve the congruency of the knee joint?

Answer 5

Medial and lateral menisci

Question 6

What shape are the menisci?

Answer 6

Crescent-shaped

Question 7

Where does the fibrous capsule attach on the menisci?

Answer 7

External edges

Question 8

Which meniscus attaches to its corresponding collateral ligament?

Answer 8

Medial - attaches to the tibial collateral ligament

Question 9

Name two causes of meniscal tears

Answer 9

Trauma

Degeneration

Question 10

What are the intra-articular ligaments of the knee?

Answer 10

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 11

What are the extra-articular ligaments of the knee?

Answer 11

Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments

Question 12

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament originate?

Answer 12

Posterior intercondylar region of the tibia

Question 13

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament insert?

Answer 13

Lateral femoral condyle

Question 14

Which of the cruciate ligaments is the weaker (and more commonly injured)?

Answer 14

Anterior

Question 15

Which ligament is the main stabiliser of the flexed knee when weight bearing?

Answer 15

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 16

What movement of the knee joint does the fibular collateral ligament prevent?

Answer 16

Abduction

Question 17

Where do the collateral ligaments originate and insert?

Answer 17

Condyles of the femur and epicondyles of the tibia

Question 18

Name the three injuries in the “unhappy triad” of combined knee injuries

Answer 18

Torn anterior cruciate ligament
Torn tibial collateral ligament
Torn medial meniscus

Question 19

Which three structures except for the quadriceps and hamstrings support the knee joint?

Answer 19

Gracilis
Sartorius
Iliotibial tract

Question 20

What are the fluid-filled pouches in and around the knee called?

Answer 20

Bursae

Question 21

In which direction does the patella most commonly dislocate?

Answer 21

Laterally

Question 22

Which structure normally prevents total lateral dislocation of the patella?

Answer 22

Lateral condyle of the femur

Question 23

Why do females more commonly experience patellar dislocation?

Answer 23

Greater Q-angle due to wider hips means patella is less stable

Question 24

What is the only muscle that pulls the patella medially?

Answer 24

Vastus medialis

Question 25

What is the name for a permanently adducted femur or ‘knock knee’?

Answer 25

Genu valgum

Question 26

What is the name for a permanently abducted femur or ‘bow leg’?

Answer 26

Genu varum

Question 27

Name the small bony projections that can be seen under X-ray that are caused by osteoporotic degeneration?

Answer 27

Osteophytes

Question 28

What is sclerotic bone and how would it be spotted under X-ray?

Answer 28

Abnormally dense bone, appears more white in an X-ray

Question 29

Which artery/nerve would you be most concerned about in a complete knee dislocation?

Answer 29

Popliteal