Movement Lecture 2 - Knee joint Flashcards
What are the three articulations in the knee joint?
Medial and lateral femerotibial
Femeropatellar
What movements are possible at the knee joint?
Flexion and extension
Rotation when the knee is flexed
What movement does the femur undergo when the knee joint is nearing full extension?
Medial rotation to lock the knee
Which muscle unlocks the knee following full extension?
Popliteus
What structures improve the congruency of the knee joint?
Medial and lateral menisci
What shape are the menisci?
Crescent-shaped
Where does the fibrous capsule attach on the menisci?
External edges
Which meniscus attaches to its corresponding collateral ligament?
Medial - attaches to the tibial collateral ligament
Name two causes of meniscal tears
Trauma
Degeneration
What are the intra-articular ligaments of the knee?
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
What are the extra-articular ligaments of the knee?
Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament originate?
Posterior intercondylar region of the tibia
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament insert?
Lateral femoral condyle
Which of the cruciate ligaments is the weaker (and more commonly injured)?
Anterior
Which ligament is the main stabiliser of the flexed knee when weight bearing?
Posterior cruciate ligament
What movement of the knee joint does the fibular collateral ligament prevent?
Abduction
Where do the collateral ligaments originate and insert?
Condyles of the femur and epicondyles of the tibia
Name the three injuries in the “unhappy triad” of combined knee injuries
Torn anterior cruciate ligament
Torn tibial collateral ligament
Torn medial meniscus
Which three structures except for the quadriceps and hamstrings support the knee joint?
Gracilis
Sartorius
Iliotibial tract
What are the fluid-filled pouches in and around the knee called?
Bursae
In which direction does the patella most commonly dislocate?
Laterally
Which structure normally prevents total lateral dislocation of the patella?
Lateral condyle of the femur
Why do females more commonly experience patellar dislocation?
Greater Q-angle due to wider hips means patella is less stable
What is the only muscle that pulls the patella medially?
Vastus medialis
What is the name for a permanently adducted femur or ‘knock knee’?
Genu valgum
What is the name for a permanently abducted femur or ‘bow leg’?
Genu varum
Name the small bony projections that can be seen under X-ray that are caused by osteoporotic degeneration?
Osteophytes
What is sclerotic bone and how would it be spotted under X-ray?
Abnormally dense bone, appears more white in an X-ray
Which artery/nerve would you be most concerned about in a complete knee dislocation?
Popliteal
