Movement Practical: Lower Limb 4 Flashcards
What is the name of the membrane that unites the tibia and fibula?
Interosseus membrane
Which two arteries pass through foramina in the interosseus membrane?
Anterior tibial artery
Perforating branch of the fibular artery
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg, what are its spinal nerve roots and what nerve is it formed from?
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve
L4, L5, S1
Common fibular/peroneal
What is the most lateral tendon of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Fibularis tertius
What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?
Binds down the tendons of the dorsum and prevents their displacement
What is the most medial muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Which two bones in the foot does tibialis anterior insert onto?
Medial cuneiform
Metatarsal I
What are the main functions of the anterior muscles of the leg?
Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes
What is the function of tibialis anterior, other than dorsiflexion?
Inversion of the foot
Which muscles help to support the medial arch of the foot?
Tibialis anterior and posterior
Which originates more proximally on the medial fibula, extensor hallucis longus or extensor digitorum longus?
Extensor digitorum longus. It also originates from the adjacent lateral tibial condyle.
Where does tibialis anterior originate?
Lateral tibial condyle
Where does fibularis tertius originate?
Distal 1/3 of medial fibula
What is the function of fibularis tertius other than dorsiflexion?
Eversion of the foot
Which muscle can be retracted to expose the anterior tibial artery?
Extensor digitorum longus
What does the anterior tibial artery perforate to reach the anterior compartment of the leg?
Interosseus membrane
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg and what are its nerve roots?
Deep fibular
L4, L5, S1
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus and brevis
Do the tendons of the lateral compartment muscles of the leg pass anterior or posterior to the lateral malleolus?
Posterior
Where does fibularis longus insert?
Lateral side of the distal end of medial cunieform and the base of metatarsal 1 - on the PLANTAR SIDE
Where does fibularis brevis insert?
Lateral tubercle at the base of metatarsal 5
Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg and what are its nerve roots?
Superficial fibular
L5, S1, S2
What are some potential consequences of common fibular nerve injury at the neck of the fibula, where it is most vulnerable?
Foot drop
Altered gait
Weakness in inversion and eversion
Loss of sensation over dorsum of foot and lateral leg
What divides the posterior compartment of the leg into its superficial and deep sections?
Transverse intermuscular septum
What is the function of popliteus?
Stabilises the knee joint and unlocks it by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia
What are the attachments of popliteus?
Origin: lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia
Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg and what are its spinal nerve roots?
Tibial nerve
L4-S3
What is the function of flexor digitorum longus?
Flexes lateral four toes
What is the function of flexor hallucis longus?
Flexes great toe
What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?
Origin: medial side of posterior tibia
Insertion: plantar surfaces of the distal phalanges of lateral four toes
What are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?
Origin: medial side of posterior fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane
Insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
Which of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus has the more medial origin?
Flexor digitorum longus
Where do the tendons of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus cross?
Plantar surface of the foot
Where do the tendons from the posterior compartment of the foot pass relative to the medial malleolus?
Posteriorly
What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?
Origin: lateral side of posterior tibia, posterior interosseus membrane and medial side of posterior fibia
Insertion: tuberosity of the navicular and the medial cunieform
What are the functions of tibialis posterior (three)?
Inversion of the foot
Plantarflexion
Supports medial longitudinal arch
What is the arrangement of the posterior compartment tendons when they pass the medial malleolus from anterior to posterior?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Between which two tendons do the posterior tibial artery and the tibial nerve pass at the level of the medial malleolus, and which is more anterior?
Between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
Artery is more anterior
