Movement Practical: Lower Limb 4

Question 1

What is the name of the membrane that unites the tibia and fibula?

Answer 1

Interosseus membrane

Question 2

Which two arteries pass through foramina in the interosseus membrane?

Answer 2

Anterior tibial artery

Perforating branch of the fibular artery

Question 3

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg, what are its spinal nerve roots and what nerve is it formed from?

Answer 3

Deep fibular/peroneal nerve
L4, L5, S1
Common fibular/peroneal

Question 4

What is the most lateral tendon of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 4

Fibularis tertius

Question 5

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

Answer 5

Binds down the tendons of the dorsum and prevents their displacement

Question 6

What is the most medial muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 6

Tibialis anterior

Question 7

Which two bones in the foot does tibialis anterior insert onto?

Answer 7

Medial cuneiform

Metatarsal I

Question 8

What are the main functions of the anterior muscles of the leg?

Answer 8

Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes

Question 9

What is the function of tibialis anterior, other than dorsiflexion?

Answer 9

Inversion of the foot

Question 10

Which muscles help to support the medial arch of the foot?

Answer 10

Tibialis anterior and posterior

Question 11

Which originates more proximally on the medial fibula, extensor hallucis longus or extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 11

Extensor digitorum longus. It also originates from the adjacent lateral tibial condyle.

Question 12

Where does tibialis anterior originate?

Answer 12

Lateral tibial condyle

Question 13

Where does fibularis tertius originate?

Answer 13

Distal 1/3 of medial fibula

Question 14

What is the function of fibularis tertius other than dorsiflexion?

Answer 14

Eversion of the foot

Question 15

Which muscle can be retracted to expose the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 15

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 16

What does the anterior tibial artery perforate to reach the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 16

Interosseus membrane

Question 17

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg and what are its nerve roots?

Answer 17

Deep fibular

L4, L5, S1

Question 18

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 18

Fibularis longus and brevis

Question 19

Do the tendons of the lateral compartment muscles of the leg pass anterior or posterior to the lateral malleolus?

Answer 19

Posterior

Question 20

Where does fibularis longus insert?

Answer 20

Lateral side of the distal end of medial cunieform and the base of metatarsal 1 - on the PLANTAR SIDE

Question 21

Where does fibularis brevis insert?

Answer 21

Lateral tubercle at the base of metatarsal 5

Question 22

Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg and what are its nerve roots?

Answer 22

Superficial fibular

L5, S1, S2

Question 23

What are some potential consequences of common fibular nerve injury at the neck of the fibula, where it is most vulnerable?

Answer 23

Foot drop
Altered gait
Weakness in inversion and eversion
Loss of sensation over dorsum of foot and lateral leg

Question 24

What divides the posterior compartment of the leg into its superficial and deep sections?

Answer 24

Transverse intermuscular septum

Question 25

What is the function of popliteus?

Answer 25

Stabilises the knee joint and unlocks it by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia

Question 26

What are the attachments of popliteus?

Answer 26

Origin: lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia

Question 27

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg and what are its spinal nerve roots?

Answer 27

Tibial nerve

L4-S3

Question 28

What is the function of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 28

Flexes lateral four toes

Question 29

What is the function of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 29

Flexes great toe

Question 30

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 30

Origin: medial side of posterior tibia
Insertion: plantar surfaces of the distal phalanges of lateral four toes

Question 31

What are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 31

Origin: medial side of posterior fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane
Insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

Question 32

Which of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus has the more medial origin?

Answer 32

Flexor digitorum longus

Question 33

Where do the tendons of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus cross?

Answer 33

Plantar surface of the foot

Question 34

Where do the tendons from the posterior compartment of the foot pass relative to the medial malleolus?

Answer 34

Posteriorly

Question 35

What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?

Answer 35

Origin: lateral side of posterior tibia, posterior interosseus membrane and medial side of posterior fibia
Insertion: tuberosity of the navicular and the medial cunieform

Question 36

What are the functions of tibialis posterior (three)?

Answer 36

Inversion of the foot
Plantarflexion
Supports medial longitudinal arch

Question 37

What is the arrangement of the posterior compartment tendons when they pass the medial malleolus from anterior to posterior?

Answer 37

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 38

Between which two tendons do the posterior tibial artery and the tibial nerve pass at the level of the medial malleolus, and which is more anterior?

Answer 38

Between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

Artery is more anterior