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Control and Movement 2 > Control Lecture 4: Auditory pathway > Flashcards

Control Lecture 4: Auditory pathway Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the temporal bone is the ear located within?

A

Petrous part

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2
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial (VII)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

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3
Q

What is the outer part of the ear that captures sound waves called?

A

Pinna/Auricle

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4
Q

What connects the middle ear and the nasopharynx?

A

Eustachian/pharyngotympanic/auditory tube

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5
Q

Via what structure can infections pass from the middle ear to the middle cranial fossa?

A

Mastoid air cells

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6
Q

Which blood vessel passes inferiorly to the middle ear?

A

Internal jugular vein

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7
Q

Which blood vessel passes anterior to the middle ear?

A

Internal carotid artery

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8
Q

What does the position of the internal carotid artery put the ear at risk of?

A

Pulsatile tinnitus

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9
Q

Which structures traverse the middle ear?

A

Facial canal

Chorda tympani

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10
Q

What are the three cavities in the inner ear?

A

Vestibule
Semi-circular canals
Cochlea

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11
Q

What are the three bones in the inner ear, in order of superficial to deep?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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12
Q

What structure does the stapes hit to transmit sound waves?

A

Oval window

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13
Q

What do the cavities of the inner ear contain?

A

Perilymph

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14
Q

Is perilymph similar to intra or extra cellular fluid? Why?

A

Extra cellular

High Na+ concentration, low K+ concentration

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15
Q

What does the cochlear duct contain?

A

Endolymph

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16
Q

Is endolymph similar to intra or extra cellular fluid? Why?

A

Intra cellular

High K+ concentration, low Na+ concentration

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17
Q

What is the cochlea above the cochlear duct called?

A

Scala vestibuli

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18
Q

What is the cochlea below the cochlear duct called?

A

Scala tympani

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19
Q

What is the apex of the cochlea called?

A

Helicotrema

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20
Q

What is the final structure at the termination of the scala tympani?

A

Round window

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21
Q

What is the roof of the cochlear duct made by?

A

Vestibular membrane

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22
Q

What is the floor of the cochlear duct made by?

A

Basilar/basement membrane

23
Q

What is the sensory receptor in the cochlear duct, and which membrane is it on?

A

Spiral organ of Corti

Basilar membrane

24
Q

What is the name of the membrane that covers the spiral organ of Corti?

A

Tectorial membrane

25
Q

What are the tips of the hair cells from the spiral organ embedded?

A

Tectorial membrane

26
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve enter the brainstem?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

27
Q

Where is the primary neuron cell body in the ascending auditory pathway?

A

Spiral ganglion

28
Q

Where is the first synapse in the ascending auditory pathway?

A

Cochlear nuclei

29
Q

What aspects of auditory inputs are compared to locate the origin of sounds?

A

Differences in time and volume between the two ears

30
Q

Through what structure do auditory neurons cross over the midline to become bilateral?

A

Trapezoid body

31
Q

What structures does the auditory pathway pass through between the cochlear nuclei and the primary auditory cortex in the brain, and where are they located?

A

Superior olivary nuclei - pons
Inferior colliculus - pons
Medial geniculate nuclei - thalamus

32
Q

What bilateral structures in the auditory pathway are able to communicate, contrary to the pathway mainly being seperate once it becomes bilateral?

A

Inferior colliculi

33
Q

What does the auditory pathway travel in between the superior olivary nuclei and the inferior colliculus?

A

Lateral lemniscus

34
Q

What does the auditory pathway travel in between the inferior colliculi and the medial geniculate nuclei?

A

Inferior brachium

35
Q

What part of the cerebral cortex is the primary auditory cortex?

A

Heschl’s gyrus

36
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane is tighter?

A

Proximal

37
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane is looser?

A

Distal

38
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane is more sensitive to high frequencies?

A

Proximal

39
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane is more sensitive to low frequences?

A

Distal

40
Q

Would low or high frequency sound travel to the superficial/lateral part of Heschl’s gyrus?

A

Low

41
Q

Would low or high frequency sound travel to the deep/medial part of Heschl’s gyrus?

A

High

42
Q

Is Broca’s area located anteriorly or posteriorly in the brain?

A

Anteriorly

43
Q

Is Wernicke’s area located anteriorly or posteriorly in the brain?

A

Posteriorly

44
Q

Is Broca’s area motor or sensory?

A

Motor

45
Q

Is Wernicke’s area motor or sensory?

A

Sensory

46
Q

Is Broca’s area associated with production of words or understanding of words?

A

Production of words

47
Q

Is Wernicke’s area associated with production of words or understanding of words?

A

Understanding of words

48
Q

Which artery are the secondary auditory cortexes supplied by?

A

Middle cerebral artery

49
Q

At what point does the motor pathway to head and eye reflexes to sound leave the descending auditory pathway?

A

Inferior colliculus

50
Q

At what point does the motor pathway to stapedius and tensor tympani leave the descending auditory pathway?

A

Superior olivary nucleus

51
Q

At what point does the descending pathway to the cochlea leave the descending auditory pathway?

A

Cochlear nucleus

52
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the inner ear?

A

Dampen loud noises to prevent damage to ear

53
Q

Why is there a descending pathway to the cochlea?

A

Gives feedback to hair cells

54
Q

Which cranial nerve provides the innervation to tensor tympani and stapes?

A

Trigeminal

Control and Movement 2 (22 decks)

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