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Control and Movement 2 > Control Lecture 5: Visual pathways > Flashcards

Control Lecture 5: Visual pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general layers of the retina, in order from the choroid to the vitreous humour in the posterior compartment where light arrives?

A

Pigmented epithelium
Photoreceptors
Primary neurons
Secondary neurons

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2
Q

What are the primary neurons in the visual pathway?

A

Bipolar cells

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3
Q

What are the secondary neurons in the visual pathway?

A

Ganglion cells

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4
Q

What other neurological cells are present in the retina apart from bipolar and ganglion cells, and what is their function?

A

Interneurons

Modulate and adapt the system

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5
Q

Where do ganglion cells converge?

A

Optic disc

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6
Q

Why are the photoreceptors deep to the neurological cells within the retina, further from the arriving light?

A

Reduces the intensity of light hitting the photoreceptors

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7
Q

Are bipolar and ganglion cells counted as being in the CNS or PNS/

A

CNS

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8
Q

Which lobe of the brain do the tertiary neurons of the visual pathway project to?

A

Occipital

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9
Q

Which sulcus is the primary visual cortex centred around?

A

Calcarine

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10
Q

Which nucleus in the thalamus does the visual pathway pass through?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

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11
Q

Where does the optic nerve pass out of the skull?

A

Optic canal

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12
Q

Which meningeal layer forms the sclera of the eyeball?

A

Dura mater

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13
Q

Which meningeal space persists in the eyeball?

A

Subarachnoid

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14
Q

What does CSF buildup cause in the eyes?

A

Papilloedema

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15
Q

Where do the blood vessels of the eye radiate from?

A

Optic disc

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16
Q

Which side of the left eye detects light from the left hand side?

A

Nasal

17
Q

Which side of the right eye detects light from the left hand side?

A

Temporal

18
Q

Which side of the right eye will be associated with fibres in the same optic tract as fibres from the temporal side of the left eye?

A

Nasal

19
Q

Do fibres from the nasal or the temporal side of the eye run in the contralateral optic tract?

A

Nasal

20
Q

Do fibres from the nasal or the temporal side of the eye run in the ipsilateral optic tract?

A

Temporal

21
Q

What do fibres travel in between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex in the visual pathway?

A

Optic radiations

22
Q

Do fibres running in the superior trajectory to the cortext originate from the upper or lower eye?

A

Lower

23
Q

Can the calcarine sulcus be seen in a medial or a lateral view of the brain?

A

Medial

24
Q

What kind of fibres pass between the striate cortex and the visual association cortex?

A

Association

25
Q

What is the cortex around the calcarine sulcus (primary visual cortex) called?

A

Striate cortex

26
Q

Does information from the upper or the lower visual field end up at the upper bank of the calcarine sulcus?

A

Lower

27
Q

Where does information from the macula end up in the cortex?

A

Occipital pole

28
Q

What is the name for a localised patch of blindness?

A

Scotomia

29
Q

What is the name for loss of half of the visual field?

A

Hemianopia

30
Q

What is the name for loss of a quarter of the visual field?

A

Quadrantanopia

31
Q

What is it called when visual field loss is the same on both sides?

A

Homonymous

32
Q

What is it called when visual field loss is different on both sides?

A

Heteronymous

33
Q

Monocular blindness. Where is the lesion?

A

Unilateral optic nerve

34
Q

Heteronymous hemianopia. Where is the lesion?

A

Middle of the optic chiasma

Lesion takes out both contralateral fibres from nasal sides

35
Q

Homonymous hemianopia. Where is the lesion?

A

Unilateral optic tract

36
Q

Homonymous quadrantanopia. Where is the lesion?

A

Single trajectory of the optic radiations eg. inferior trajectory on left side -> upper right quadrant field loss

37
Q

Homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing. Where is the lesion?

A

Superior and inferior trajectories on one side

38
Q

Bilateral central scolomas. Where is the lesion?

A

Occipital pole

Control and Movement 2 (22 decks)

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