Movement Practical: Lower Limb 1 Flashcards
In which gender do we see a more heart-shaped than rounded pelvic inlet?
Males
Which gender has an 80-85 degree angle between the arms of the pelvic arch?
Females
Do males have more or less prominent ischial spines than females?
More
Which ligament forms the greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament
What is the name of the foramen formed by two ligaments that attach to the sacrum and insert onto parts of the ischium?
Lesser sciatic foramen
Where does gluteus maximus attach on the external surface of the ilium?
Posterior to the posterior gluteal line
Which gluteus muscle originates from the dorsal sacrum, lateral coccyx and the fascia of erector spinae, among other points?
Gluteus maximus
Where does gluteus medius originate?
External surface of the ilium, between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Where does gluteus minimus originate?
External surface of the ilium, between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
What is the common insertion of gluteus medius and minimus?
The greater trochanter of the femur
Where does gluteus maximus insert?
The gluteal tuberosity of the femur (inferior and slightly posterior to the greater trochanter)
The posterior aspect of the iliotibial tract
What is the function of gluteus maximus?
Main extensor of flexed femur
Lateral rotation of the thigh
What is the common function of gluteus medius and minimus?
Main abductors of the thigh
Medial rotation of the thigh
Holds pelvis secure over standing leg and prevents pelvic drop
Which nerve supplies gluteus maximus and what are its spinal nerve roots?
Inferior gluteal nerve
L5, S1, S2
Which nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus and what are its spinal nerve roots?
Superior gluteal nerve
L4, L5, S1
What is the iliotibial tract a thickening of?
Fascia lata
Where does piriformis originate and insert?
Anterior sacrum
Greater trochanter of the femur (medial aspect of superior border)
Which foramen does piriformis pass through to reach the gluteal region?
Greater sciatic foramen
In which quadrant of the gluteal region should intramuscular injections be performed in order to avoid the sciatic nerve?
Upper lateral
Which neurovascular bundle passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis?
Superior gluteal artery, nerve and vein
Which blood vessels pass through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis?
Inferior gluteal artery and vein
Internal pudendal artery and veins
Which nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis?
Sciatic nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to quadratus femoris Inferior gluteal nerve Pudendal nerve
What is the only gluteal nerve not to pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
Perforating cutaneous nerve (pierces sacrotuberous ligament)
Which structures reenter the pelvic cavity by passing back through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
Which muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Obturator internus
Which muscle originates from the obturator membrane and the nearby ischium and pubis?
Obturator internus
Where does superior gemellus originate?
Ischial spine
Where does inferior gemellus originate?
Ischial tuberosity (upper part)
Which muscle is in between the gemelli muscles and has them attaching partially to its membrane?
Obturator internus
What is the common insertion of the gemelli, obturator internus and piriformis?
Greater trochanter of the femur (medial aspect)
What is the function of the gemelli, obturator internus and piriformis when the thigh is flexed?
Adduction of the femur
What is the function of the gemelli, obturator internus and piriformis when the thigh is extended?
Lateral rotation of the femur
Which muscle originates from the lateral ischium, anterior to the ischial tuberosity and inferior to the gemelli, obturator internus and piriformis?
Quadratus femoris
Where does quadratus femoris insert?
Quadrate tubercle of the femur (just inferior to greater tubercle)
What is the function of quadratus femoris?
Lateral rotation of the femur
What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
