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Control and Movement 2 > Control SDL: Eyes and ears > Flashcards

Control SDL: Eyes and ears Flashcards

1
Q

What fluid is contained within the pupil?

A

Aqueous humour

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2
Q

What structures does light pass through before reaching the retinal photoreceptors?

A

Cornea
Pupil
Lens

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3
Q

What fluid fills the middle of the eye?

A

Vitreous humour

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4
Q

What are the three layers that run around the eye, from superficial to deep?

A

Sclera
Choroid
Retina

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5
Q

What kind of epithelium are the conjunctiva formed from?

A

Columnar epithelium

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6
Q

What are the functions of the conjunctiva?

A

Lubricate the eyes with mucus and tears

Contribute to immunity - physical barrier to the eye

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7
Q

What is the function of the sclera?

A

Protects the eye

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8
Q

What colour is the sclera and is it transparent or opaque?

A

White, opaque

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9
Q

What controls the diameter of the pupil?

A

Iris

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10
Q

What is the name of and the nerve supply to the circular muscle of the iris?

A

Sphincter pupillae

Short ciliary nerves

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11
Q

What is the name of and the nerve supply to the radial muscle of the iris?

A

Dilator pupillae

Long ciliary nerves

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12
Q

What is the nerve supply to the ciliary muscle in the ciliary body?

A

Short ciliary nerves

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve are the short ciliary nerves derived from?

A

III Oculomotor

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve are the long ciliary nerves derived from?

A

V1 Opthalmic division of the trigeminal

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15
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

A

Contraction causes the lens become more spherical

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16
Q

Is the lens more suited to long or short distance sight when they are more spherical?

A

Short distance

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17
Q

What is produced by the ciliary body

A

Aqueous humour

18
Q

Which veins does aqueous humour drain into?

A

Episcleral veins

19
Q

What condition is caused by the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells?

A

Glaucoma

20
Q

What are the functions of the choroid layer?

A

Provides blood supply to the eye

Contains melanin to prevent uncontrolled reflection of light inside eye

21
Q

What lines the posterior compartment of the eye?

A

Retina

22
Q

Where are the photoreceptors in the eye?

A

Retina

23
Q

What pigment is contained in the pigment layer of the retina?

A

Melanin

24
Q

Are rods or cones responsible for colour vision?

A

Cones

25
Q

Are rods or cones more sensitive to light?

A

Rods

26
Q

Are rods or cones more useful for sight in dim conditions?

A

Rods

27
Q

Are rods or cones responsible for more sharp vision?

A

Cones

28
Q

What is the name of the blind spot of the retina?

A

Optic disc

29
Q

What cells are the first order neurons of the visual pathway?

A

Bipolar cells

30
Q

What cells are the second order neurons of the visual pathway?

A

Ganglion cells

31
Q

Where do the axons of retinal ganglion cells converge?

A

Optic disc

32
Q

What is the name for optic disc swelling?

A

Papilloedema

33
Q

What is optic disc swelling a sign of?

A

Intracranial hypertension

34
Q

What is the name of the point on the retina where the image of the object at the centre of the visual axis falls?

A

Fovea

35
Q

What is the fovea at the centre of?

A

Macula lutea

36
Q

Is the macula lutea lateral or medial to the optic disc?

A

Lateral

37
Q

What is the fovea surrounded by?

A

Parafovea belt

38
Q

How is the parafovea belt specialised for visual activity?

A

Over five layers of ganglion cells

High concentration of cone cells

39
Q

Where do blood vessels in the retina radiate from?

A

Centre of the optic nerve/disc

40
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the retina?

A

Central retinal artery

Control and Movement 2 (22 decks)

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