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Control and Movement 2 > Control SDL: Skin and sensory receptors > Flashcards

Control SDL: Skin and sensory receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major layers of the skin superficial to the subcutaneous deep fascia?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Superficial fascia/hypodermis

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2
Q

Is thick or thin skin generally glabrous (non-hairy)?

A

Thick

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3
Q

Name some locations where thick skin is present?

A

Ventral fingers and toes
Palms of hands and soles of feet
Labia minora and glans penis
Lips

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4
Q

What are the five main layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from superficial to deep?

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
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5
Q

In which layer of the skin does most of the mitotic activity to produce keratinocytes occur?

A

Stratum basale

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6
Q

In which layer of the skin are cells mainly in the early stages of growth and keratin synthesis?

A

Stratum spinosum

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7
Q

In which layer of the skin is there a high concentration of intracellular granules, and which process do these contribute to?

A

Stratum granulosum

Keratinisation

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8
Q

Which layers of the skin are mainly composed of dead cells?

A

Stratum lucidum and stratum corneum

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9
Q

Which layer of the skin is composed of flattened and fused cell remnants, and what are they mainly made up of?

A

Stratum corneum

Keratin

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10
Q

Which epidermal layer is absent from thin skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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11
Q

Which cells in the epidermis are the pigment cells?

A

Melanocytes

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12
Q

Which cells in the epidermis are immunological?

A

Langerhans cells

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13
Q

Which cells in the epidermis act as mechanoreceptors?

A

Merkel cells

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14
Q

From which epithelial layer does basal cell carcinoma originate?

A

Stratum basale

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15
Q

From which epithelial layer does squamous cell carcinoma originate?

A

Stratum corneum

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16
Q

From which epithelial layer does malignant melanoma originate?

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

Which type of skin cancer is the most dangerous?

A

Malignant melanoma

18
Q

Which of sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles isn’t present in thick skin?

A

Hair follicles

19
Q

Which of sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles is involved in the development of acne?

A

Sebaceous glands and hair follicles

20
Q

What is the name of the muscles that erect hairs?

A

Arrector pili

21
Q

Are arrector pili muscles innervated by sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves?

A

Sympathetic

22
Q

Would vasodilation or vasoconstriction accompany arrector pili contraction?

A

Vasoconstriction

23
Q

Is the papillary layer or the reticular layer of the dermis more superficial?

A

Papillary layer

24
Q

Which of the papillary layer and the reticular layer of the dermis is denser?

A

Reticular layer

25
Q

What are epidermal downgrowths into the dermis called?

A

Rete ridges

26
Q

What are the upwards projections of the dermis into the epidermis called?

A

Dermal papillae

27
Q

Which layers of the skin are damaged in first degree burns?

A

Epidermis

28
Q

Which layers of the skin are damaged in second degree burns?

A

Epidermis and dermis

29
Q

Which layers of the skin are damaged in third degree burns?

A

All layers (plus subcutaneous tissues)

30
Q

Define a dermatome

A

An area of the skin that is supplied by one spinal nerve

31
Q

Where would you find a dermal nerve plexus?

A

Base of the dermis (reticular layer)

32
Q

Are free nerve endings or encapsulated nerve endings associated with a faster speed of adaption?

A

Encapsulated

33
Q

Where can Merkel cell-neutrite complexes be found?

A

Dermal epidermal junction

34
Q

Are Merkel cell-neutrite complexes encapsulated or not?

A

Free nerve endings

35
Q

What is the function of Merkel cell-neutrite complexes?

A

Mechanoreception (pressure)

36
Q

Where can Pacinian corpsucles be found?

A

Dermal hypodermal junction

37
Q

What is detected by Pacinan corpsucles?

A

Vibration and pressure

38
Q

Where can Meissner’s corpuscles be found?

A

Dermal papillae

39
Q

What is detected by Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

Discriminatory touch

40
Q

Where can Ruffini endings be found?

A

Dermis

41
Q

What is detected by Ruffini endings?

A

Stretching and shearing

Control and Movement 2 (22 decks)

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