Control SDL: Skin and sensory receptors Flashcards
What are the three major layers of the skin superficial to the subcutaneous deep fascia?
Epidermis
Dermis
Superficial fascia/hypodermis
Is thick or thin skin generally glabrous (non-hairy)?
Thick
Name some locations where thick skin is present?
Ventral fingers and toes
Palms of hands and soles of feet
Labia minora and glans penis
Lips
What are the five main layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from superficial to deep?
Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale
In which layer of the skin does most of the mitotic activity to produce keratinocytes occur?
Stratum basale
In which layer of the skin are cells mainly in the early stages of growth and keratin synthesis?
Stratum spinosum
In which layer of the skin is there a high concentration of intracellular granules, and which process do these contribute to?
Stratum granulosum
Keratinisation
Which layers of the skin are mainly composed of dead cells?
Stratum lucidum and stratum corneum
Which layer of the skin is composed of flattened and fused cell remnants, and what are they mainly made up of?
Stratum corneum
Keratin
Which epidermal layer is absent from thin skin?
Stratum lucidum
Which cells in the epidermis are the pigment cells?
Melanocytes
Which cells in the epidermis are immunological?
Langerhans cells
Which cells in the epidermis act as mechanoreceptors?
Merkel cells
From which epithelial layer does basal cell carcinoma originate?
Stratum basale
From which epithelial layer does squamous cell carcinoma originate?
Stratum corneum
From which epithelial layer does malignant melanoma originate?
Stratum basale
Which type of skin cancer is the most dangerous?
Malignant melanoma
Which of sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles isn’t present in thick skin?
Hair follicles
Which of sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles is involved in the development of acne?
Sebaceous glands and hair follicles
What is the name of the muscles that erect hairs?
Arrector pili
Are arrector pili muscles innervated by sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves?
Sympathetic
Would vasodilation or vasoconstriction accompany arrector pili contraction?
Vasoconstriction
Is the papillary layer or the reticular layer of the dermis more superficial?
Papillary layer
Which of the papillary layer and the reticular layer of the dermis is denser?
Reticular layer
What are epidermal downgrowths into the dermis called?
Rete ridges
What are the upwards projections of the dermis into the epidermis called?
Dermal papillae
Which layers of the skin are damaged in first degree burns?
Epidermis
Which layers of the skin are damaged in second degree burns?
Epidermis and dermis
Which layers of the skin are damaged in third degree burns?
All layers (plus subcutaneous tissues)
Define a dermatome
An area of the skin that is supplied by one spinal nerve
Where would you find a dermal nerve plexus?
Base of the dermis (reticular layer)
Are free nerve endings or encapsulated nerve endings associated with a faster speed of adaption?
Encapsulated
Where can Merkel cell-neutrite complexes be found?
Dermal epidermal junction
Are Merkel cell-neutrite complexes encapsulated or not?
Free nerve endings
What is the function of Merkel cell-neutrite complexes?
Mechanoreception (pressure)
Where can Pacinian corpsucles be found?
Dermal hypodermal junction
What is detected by Pacinan corpsucles?
Vibration and pressure
Where can Meissner’s corpuscles be found?
Dermal papillae
What is detected by Meissner’s corpuscles?
Discriminatory touch
Where can Ruffini endings be found?
Dermis
What is detected by Ruffini endings?
Stretching and shearing
