Movement Lecture 3 - Foot and ankle joint

Question 1

Which bone of the foot articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint?

Answer 1

Talus

Question 2

What kind of joint is the ankle?

Answer 2

Synovial hinge joint

Question 3

What movements are possible at the ankle?

Answer 3

Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

Question 4

What further movements of the foot (other than dorsi/plantarflexion) are made possible by the subtalar joint, and what bones is the joint between?

Answer 4

Inversion/eversion

Talus and calcaneus

Question 5

Which kind of arthritis affects the synovial fluid in a joint?

Answer 5

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 6

In what position is the ankle joint most stable and why?

Answer 6

Dorsiflexion because the talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly, so malleoli are able to ‘grip’ tighter

Question 7

Which ligaments support the ankle joint laterally?

Answer 7

Anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments

Calcaneofibular

Question 8

Which ligaments form the deltoid ligament, and which side of the ankle are they on?

Answer 8

Medial side of the ankle

Formed by tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal and posterior tibiotalar

Question 9

Which muscles of the leg produce dorsiflexion, and what provides their blood supply?

Answer 9

Anterior compartment and fibularis longus

Anterior tibial artery

Question 10

Which muscles of the leg produce plantarflexion, and what provides its blood supply?

Answer 10

Posterior compartment

Posterior tibial artery

Question 11

Which nerve(s) is/are motor to dorsiflexion?

Answer 11

Deep (posterior compartment) and superficial (fibularis longus) fibular nerves

Question 12

Which nerve(s) is/are motor to plantarflexion?

Answer 12

Tibial nerve

Question 13

Which muscle(s) invert the foot?

Answer 13

Tibialis anterior

Question 14

Which muscle(s) evert the foot?

Answer 14

Fibularis longus and brevis

Question 15

Is the ankle more stable in plantarflexion or dorsiflexion?

Answer 15

Dorsiflexion

Question 16

Does the ankle sprain more commonly in plantarflexion or dorsiflexion, and is it usually due to inversion or eversion?

Answer 16

Inversion of a plantarflexed foot

Question 17

Why is ligament damage usually slow to heal?

Answer 17

Ligaments are relatively avascular

Question 18

Would the distal tibia or distal fibula be more likely to be fractured in an inversion injury?

Answer 18

Distal fibula

Question 19

What is the only intermediate tarsal bone in the foot and is it positioned medially or laterally?

Answer 19

Navicular, positioned medially

Question 20

What are the four distal tarsal bones from medial to lateral?

Answer 20

Medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms

Cuboid

Question 21

Which two joints is the transverse tarsal joint made of?

Answer 21

Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid

Question 22

What is the largest and most important arch in the foot?

Answer 22

Medial longitudinal arch

Question 23

Which bones are involved in the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 23

Talus
Calcaneus
Cuneiforms
Navicular
Medial three cuneiforms

Question 24

Which bones are involved in the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 24

Calcaneus
Cuboid
Lateral two cuneiforms

Question 25

Which bones are involved in the transverse arch?

Answer 25

Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Bases of the metatarsals

Question 26

Which ligaments provide passive support to the arches of the foot?

Answer 26

Plantar aperneurosisFi
Long and short plantar ligaments
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 27

Which muscles provide dynamic support to the arches of the foot?

Answer 27

Tibialis anterior and posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis longus
Plantar intrinsic muscles

Question 28

What is the name of the condition that causes ‘flat foot’?

Answer 28

Pes planus

Question 29

What does it mean when pes planus is described as flexible?

Answer 29

Arches not present when weight bearing, but present at other times

Question 30

What is a Lisfranc injury?

Answer 30

Injury in which the metatarsals become improperly aligned with the tarsals