Motor Learning Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

the Components of open loop control are:

A
  • executive

- effector no comparator or use of feedback

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2
Q

What are some of the characteristics of open loop control?

A
  • advanced instructions= movement pre-planned
  • Advanced sequencing = arranged at the CNS
  • Not direct conscious control
  • can not be modified once motor program is sent
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3
Q

what is a disadvantage of open loop control?

A

it’s not as accurate

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4
Q

What is an advantage of open loop control

A

one can act more quickly

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5
Q

what term can be used instead of “muscle memory?’

A

Motor Program

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6
Q

____ is a set of motor commands that are pre-structured at executive level, that defines the essential details of a skilled action

A

motor program

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7
Q

with practice, motor programs are capable of:

A

controlling longer sequences of actions and more elaborate movements

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8
Q

What specifications does the MP process need?

A
  • Particular muscles used to produce the action
  • order in which these muscle would be activated
  • relative forces of the various muscle contractions
  • relative time. sequencing of contractions
  • duration of respective contractions
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9
Q

What are the major roles of motor programming

A

•Define and issue commands to the muscles needed to produce the goal movement
• Coordinate the many degrees of freedom needed
to produce an effective and efficient action.
-specify and initiate any
preliminary adjustments to support upcoming action.

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10
Q

According to reaction time and movement complexity: adding additional elements to the movement increases ______

A

reaction time

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11
Q

According to reaction time and movement complexity: more limbs added to the elements increases ______

A

reaction time

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12
Q

According to reaction time and movement complexity: When we have an increase in movement duration; it also increases reaction time

A

reaction time

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13
Q

Demonstrates that _______ information from the moving limb is not essential for movement production

A

proprioceptive

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14
Q

deafferentation studies prove:

A

(we can act without stimulus)

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15
Q

evidence for motor programs include

A
  • reaction time and movement complexity
  • deafferentation studies
  • Inhibiting actions
  • EMG electromyography studies
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16
Q

inhibiting actions

A

once a motor program is initiated it carries out the entire action unless a second stop-signal program is initiated in time to stop it’s completion

17
Q

EMG electromyography studies

A

suggests agonist and antagonist EMG activities are pre-planned

18
Q

what are some issues with motor programming?

A
  • Storage
  • new tasks
  • flexible movements
19
Q

Generalized motor programs

A
  • movement patterns rather than specific movements

- movements can be modified when executed

20
Q

List the The variable of movements GMPs can modify

A
  • time
  • amplitude
  • direction
  • limb and muscles produce action
  • forced used
21
Q

GMP preserve

A

Fundamental timing and structure and spatial patterning

22
Q

Invariant features of GMP

-

A

There are components of movements that do not changes -the surface features of the movements change

23
Q

Classes of movement:

A

motor programs are thought to be generalized to account for a class of actions