Ex Phys Chapter 18

Question 1

The number of individuals overage 50 engaged in sport and exercise in ______ compared to 30 years ago. This is due to:

Answer 1

increased

• Recreation
• Competition
• Better fit compared to older sedentary counterparts

Question 2

performance declines with

Answer 2

age

Question 3

Exercising into old age an unusual pattern because of their
Natural tendency to be sedentary, and also
_______(psychological factors)

Answer 3

Motivating factors?

Question 4

different medical care, diet, and lifestyle factors influence

Answer 4

aging

Question 5

Height decreases with age. it starts at __to__ years of age. due to

Answer 5

• Compression of intervertebral discs
• Poor posture
• Later, osteopenia, osteoporosis

Question 6

Weight increases then decreases throughout the aging process. During the years __ to __ physical activity decline while caloric intake increases. Then age __+ there’s a loss of body mass and appetitive

Answer 6

• 25-30

- 65+

Question 7

during aging: 
 Body fat content tends to \_\_\_\_\_
Diet, physical inactivity, inability to:
Body fat stores shifted from \_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_
Older athletes ↓ body fat content
Older athletes ↓ central adiposity

Answer 7

• increase
• mobilize fat
• periphery toward center

Question 8

Fat-free mass ↓ starting around age __

This is because:

Answer 8

-40

– ↓ Muscle, bone mass
Sarcopenia (protein synthesis ↓)
Due (in part) to lack of activity
– ↓ Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1

Question 9

Bone mineral content declines due to

Answer 9

• Bone resorption > bone synthesis

- Due to lack of weight-bearing exercise

Question 10

body composition variables

Answer 10

Body weight
Percent body fat
Fat mass
Fat-free mass (FFM)

Question 11

Training alters age-related body composition changes
– ↓ Weight, percent body fat, fat mass
– ↑ FFM (more likely with ______ training than with aerobic training)
Men > women

—Biggest results with diet + exercise

Answer 11

resistance

Question 12

-Strength and neuromuscular function ↓ with age

• Interferes with activities of daily living
• Manifests ~50 to 60 years of age
• Results from ↓ muscle mass

Strength ↓ offset by:

Answer 12

-resistance exercise

Question 13

Type II fiber with aging:

Answer 13

decrease

-higher percent type I fibers

Question 14

training slows or stops fiber type ____

Answer 14

change

Question 15

size and number of muscle fibers decrease with age.

-we lose __% per decade after age 50

size of both type 1 and type 11 fibers

Answer 15

• 10

- decreases

Question 16

Endurance training → no impact on

Answer 16

decline in muscle mass with age

Question 17

Resistance training → reduces

Answer 17

muscle atrophy, ↑ muscle cross-sectional area

Question 18

reflexes slow with age

• Exercise preserves reflex response time
• Active older people ≈

Answer 18

young active people

Question 19

Motor unit activation ↓ with age

-_______ retains maximal recruitment of muscle

Answer 19

Exercise

Question 20

Exercise maintains muscle physiology

-some examples include:

Answer 20

• Number of capillaries unchanged

- Oxidative enzyme activity only mildly reduced

Question 21

Maximal stroke volume (sv) decreases with age. This is because:

Answer 21

• ↓ Contractility, response to catecholamines
• Partial loss of Frank-Starling mechanism
• LV, arterial stiffening
• Exercise attenuates decline in SVmax

Question 22

-V•O2max ↓ with age due to ↓ Q•max

because:

Answer 22

• -Due more to ↓ HRmax, less to ↓ SVmax

- -Exercise attenuates decline in V•O2max

Question 23

Sedentary habits ↑ risk for vascular aging because:

Answer 23

– ↓ Cardiac and arterial compliance
Endothelial dysfunction
Reduced vasodilation

Question 24

Exercise → ↓ risk

Less arterial stiffening,

Answer 24

endothelial dysfunction

Preserved vasodilator signaling

Question 25

~10 to 15% reduction even with exercise
Due to ↑ vasoconstriction, ↓ vasodilation
– ↑ (a-v- )O2 difference compensates for ↓ flow

Answer 25

Peripheral blood flow ↓ with age