Module 9 Exam 2 (part 2) Flashcards
what are the major endocrine glands
pineal, hypothalmus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, pancreas, adrenals, and gonads
What is the master gland and why is it called that
anterior pituitary, regulates output of hormones by other glands
What are the 3 stages of adolescence
early ages 10-13
middle ages 14-17
late ages 18-21
What age group has the highest incidence of caries than any other age group
adolescence
what is the high caries rate in adolesence related to?
eating habits, frequency, demands of rapid growth, emotional issues, peer pressures, cariogenic foods selected
what should we know about biofilm induced gingivitis during puberty
- incidence and severity may increase
- exaggerated response to biofilm
what are risk factors for periodontitis is adolescents
- supra and sub calc
- untreated caries
- ortho appliances
- OH
- infrequent/inadequeate DH care
- use of tobacco
- systemic diseases
- geneitc factors
- host immune factors
periodontal diseases in adolescents may be classified as
chronic or agressive
Loss of perio attachment and supporting bone is evident in how many adolesents in the world
5 to 47%
What are LAP and GAP caused by
both have a familial tendency and may have neutrophil dysfunction with a compromised immune response
What is Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
severe bone loss involving the first permanent molars and incisors, with proximal surface attachment loss on at least 2 permanent teeth
when is LAP first diagnosed
in the circupubertal years
What is the pathogenic microorganism of etiologic importance in LAP
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AA)
What is Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
generalized proximal surface attachment loss affecting at least 3 permanent teeth other than the first molars and incisors
who does GAP occur in
persons under 30 years of age
What should an adolescent patient be educated on with dental biofilm control
- causes and prevention of dental caries
- effects of biofilm accumulation
- purposes of professional calc removal
- daily self care and its relation to oral tissue health
what should be included in a total caries control program in dental biofilm control
-educated about fluoride and need to restrict cariogenic foods
Is a fluoride tx program recommended for adolescents
yes, especially if they have not had the benefit of a fluoride water supply
How can a dietary assessment help adolescents?
it can provide an important learning experience, put responsibility on adolescent
What kinds of dietary suggestion can be given to adolescents?
- advise foods from the MyPlate
- emphasize a nutritious breakfast
- snack selection (nutritious foods, with recognition of cariogenic foods)
- suggest reading labels (become aware of serving size and nutrition
what are the contraindications for contraceptives
- circulatory problems
- liver disease
- cancer of breast
- severe migraine headaches
- pregnancy or lactation
what are the side effects of contraception related to
incorrect use of the drug rather than hormonal effects
What are some side effects that occur in some women o contraceptives
visual problems, mental depression, rashes, bleeding irregularity
What are the most significant side effects of contraceptives?
- cardiovascular
- weight gain
- decreased effectiveness when certain drugs are used including antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and rifampin
What is the effect on the gingiva of oral contraceptives
-exaggerated response to dental biofilm and other local irritants
What are some appointment considerations with a patient on contraceptives
- potential oral side effects of conraceptives
- need for exceptional personal care and regular maintenance appts to prevent complications
What are gingival concerns in a patient with menopause
- exaggerated response to biofilm
- hormonal changes influence oral tissue response
- menopausal gingivostomatitis may develop
how may the gingival tissues appear in someone with menopause
-shiny and may vary in color from paleness to redness, dryness with burning may be present, burning mouth syndrome
what may cause altered salivary composition in patients with menopause
psychological stress
What may happen to the epithelium in a patient experiencing menopause
may become thin, and atrophic with decreased keratinization
A patient with menopause will not have an alteration in taste perception
False, it is possible
what can contribute to adverse changes of mucosal tissues in a person with menopause
inadequate diet and eating habits
what can happen as a result of systemic osteoporosis in a patient with menopause
alveolar bone loss, ridge resorbtion and loss of teeth can occur
Should you emphasize to the patient the specific relationship between menopause and oral health
no, just emphasize oral care measures
What should be kept in mind when planning the appointments for a menopausal patient
- the symptoms of physical and emotional changes
- may need to adjust the temperature of the room
When instructing a patient who is in the menopause stage of their life what should you counsel them on
- saliva substitute may be needed
- measures for prevention of perio infections explained
- emphasize reasons for freq calc removal
- explain relationship between general and oral health
what dietary recommendations are suggested for a menopausal patient
-whole grains, veggies, fruits,foods low in fat and cholesterol, Calcium to keep bones strong
Is fluoride recommended for menopausal patients
it is based on the assessment of patients caries risk status
