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Dental Hygiene II > Module 7 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Module 7 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When are the organs of a fetus formed

A

during the first trimester,

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2
Q

when does the fetus move and swallow

A

by 12 weeks

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3
Q

How long is normal pregnancy

A

40 weeks

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4
Q

what is considered premature

A

before 37 weeks

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5
Q

when do the tooth buds develop

A

between 5 and 6 weeks

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6
Q

when does mineralization of tooth buds start

A

between 4 and 5 months

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7
Q

when do the lips form of a fetus

A

4-7 week

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8
Q

when does the palate form

A

between 8 to 12 th week

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9
Q

when is cleft lip apparent by

A

the 8th week

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10
Q

when is cleft palate apparent by

A

12th week

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11
Q

When are the organs completely formed

A

in the second and third trimesters

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12
Q

What are 4 things that can harm a fetus

A

infections, medications/drug use, drugs of abuse, herbal dietary supplements

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13
Q

what conditions all have serious effects on teh fetus

A

rubella, rubeola, varicella, herpes, viruses, hepatitis b, HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea

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14
Q

what is a significant risk factor for preterm delivery with low birth weight

A

severe periodontitis

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15
Q

Should any drugs or medications be used during pregnancy

A

no

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16
Q

what kind of effects can drugs have on the fetus

A

teratogenic

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17
Q

what is the effect of tetracycline on the fetus

A
  • intrinsic staining of tooth structure

- occurs during mineralization beginning about 4 months gestation

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18
Q

what is the effect of therapy for HIV infections on the fetus

A

-some antiretroviral medications are not withheld because of pregnancy, but sometimes are with held during the first 14 weeks

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19
Q

what does alcohol consumed during pregnancy do

A

fetal alcohol syndrome
low birth rate
spontaneous abortion
mental retardation

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20
Q

what does cocaine cause in a fetus or infant

A 
--decrease birth weight
prematurity
fetal growth retardation
microcephaly
teratogenic effects
increased rate of seizures
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21
Q

what do narcotics cause in infants and fetuses (including heroin, methadone, methamphetamines)

A
  • decreased birth weight
  • withdrawal symptoms
  • convulsions
  • intrauterine growth retardation
  • enters breastmilk
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22
Q

what effects does tobacco have on an infant or fetus

A
  • low birth weight, prematurity, miscarriage, still birth, infant mortality
  • SIDS
  • increased respiratory infections
  • deficencies in physical growth
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23
Q

Who are herbal supplements regulated by?

A

no one

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24
Q

What herbal remedies have implications for DH treatment?

A

Echinacea, valerian

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25
Q

What is echinacea used for?

A

upper respiratory infections activates cell mediated immunity

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26
Q

what are the negative effects of echinacea

A

causes allergic reactions, decreased effectiveness of immunosuppressants, imunnosuppression with long term use

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27
Q

what is valerian used for?

A

insomnia and stress

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28
Q

what are the negative effects of valerian?

A

may increase the sedative effect of anesthetics and it may increase anesthetic requirements

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29
Q

what kind of gingival inflammatory changes are seen in the oral cavity during pregnancy

A

an exaggerated response of the tissues to dental biofilm

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30
Q

when can a gingival reaction first be seen in pregancy?

A

by the second month

31
Q

If gingival inflammation in pregnancy is left untreated what happens

A

inflammation continues as the hormones rise to a max level by the 8th month

32
Q

What does the gingiva react to in pregnancy?

A

physiologic changes and influenced by increased levels of female sex hormones

33
Q

What is the clinical appearance of gingivitis

A

inflamed, enlargement, redness, smooth and shiny, bleeding on probing

34
Q

what are predisposing factors for gingivitis?

A

-local irritation and infection, hormonal changes, increased prevotella intermedia

35
Q

What is an oral pyogenic granuloma?

A

is a hyperplasia seen most commonly in pregnant women but can occur in non pregnant women and men

36
Q

What is the appearance of a pyogenic granuloma

A

-isolated, discrete, soft, round enlargement near the gingival margin usually associtaed with the interdental area

37
Q

what does the color of a pyogenic granuloma depend on?

A

vascularity

38
Q

what are the symptoms of a pyogenic granuloma

A
  • bleeds easily with slight trauma

- painless unless it interferes with occlusion

39
Q

what is the significance of a pyogenic granuloma?

A
  • interference with mastication can contribute to inadequate nutrition
  • provides a site for bacterial growth
  • results in bleeding and pain
  • creates undesirable esthetic effect
40
Q

What is enamel erosion caused by in pregnancy

A

morning sickness and vomiting

41
Q

What can a patient do to help with the erosion?

A
  • eat small amts of non cariogenic foods throughout the day
  • xylitol gum
  • sodium bicarb rinse
  • gentle toothbrushing, low abrasive toothpaste
42
Q

What trimester is the safest for general dental treatment

A

2nd

43
Q

SHould you do a consult for dental tx in a pregnant pt?

A

yes

44
Q

Do we take radiographs on a pregnant pt.

A

no unless they are absolutely necessary

45
Q

If an x-ray needs to be taken what precautions are taken?

A

x-ray apron on the front and back with a thyroid collar

46
Q

When should elective dental treatment be completed

A

in the 2nd or 3rd trimester

47
Q

What is important about doing restorative tx on a pregnant pt

A

that it is completed with permanent materials, new mothers may not come back if a temp restortation is placed

48
Q

how frequently should a pregnant pt have appointments?

A

monthly appointments, or appointments 3 times during the 9 months

49
Q

when calc deposits are heavy what should you do

A

do several short appts

50
Q

what causes supine hypertensive syndrome?

A

impaired venous return resulting from pressure of the uterus on the inferior vena cava

51
Q

what should you do if blood pressure drops when your pt is in the supine position.

A

roll them to the left side to relieve pressure off the vena cava

52
Q

What is an alternate position to having your patient lay on their left side

A

have them elevate their right hip with a pillow or blanket

53
Q

Is the ultrasonic contraindicated for pregnancy

A

no

54
Q

what kind of instrumentation should be used

A

careful

55
Q

can nitrous oxide be used on a pregnant patient

A

yes in moderation, should be only for 30 minutes with oxygen at 50 %

56
Q

what should you do for a patient who has exaggerated reactions to odors and flavors of medicaments and other office materials

A

determine the obnoxious odors and remove them, ventilation

57
Q

what should you do for a pregnant patient who has an unpleasant taste in their mouth

A

-nonalcoholic mouth rinse, neural sodium fl2 rinse, tongue cleaning

58
Q

what should you do for a pregnant patient who gags

A
  • recommend a small tb
  • turn head down over sink when brushing
  • take care in instrumentation and xrays
59
Q

what should you do with a patient who has unusual food cravings?

A

if they are sweets recomment non cariogenic snack and define the relationship of frequent nibbling and caries

60
Q

What can have serious effects on both the mother and the fetus

A

severity of existing perio infection or potential for the initiation of attachment loss

61
Q

pregnancy is an ideal time to motivate the patient to stop what

A

smoking

62
Q

Why should you instruct your pregnant patient on their diet

A

to prevent caries and mainenance of the supporting structures of the teeth

63
Q

what is vitamin a good for

A

preventing preterm birth

64
Q

what is calcium, phosphorous for?

A

tooth mineralization

65
Q

what is iron good for

A

blood corpuscles

66
Q

what are proteins good for

A

general tissue construction

67
Q

What factors may contribute to an apparent increase in dental caries during pregnancy

A
  • previous neglect
  • diet during pregnancy
  • neglect of personal oral care procedures
68
Q

is calcium withdrawn from the mothers teeht during pregnancy?

A

no, those minerals in the teeth are not available

69
Q

does prenatal fl2 intake by the mother influence the rate of caries in the child

A

no

70
Q

Can pregnant patients benefit from both professional and self applied fl2

A

yes

71
Q

What are signs of depression to look for during pregnancy

A 
-depressed mood
fatigue and disturbed sleep
loss of appetite
difficutly making decisions
feelings of worthlessness sucicidal
72
Q

what is the impact on the health of the fetus in a depressed mother

A
  • higher tendencies for preeclampsia
  • longer labor
  • low birth rate
  • preterm delivery
73
Q

what do you do if your pt is depressed

A
  • explain its a chemical imbalance in the brain
  • treatable
  • refer to Dr.

Dental Hygiene II (19 decks)

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