Module 8 Exam 2

Question 1

When is the best time to schedule pediatric patients

Answer 1

in the morning or after naps

Question 2

When should a child first be seen by the dentist

Answer 2

by 6 months or after the the eruption of the first primary tooth by no later than age 1

Question 3

What does anticipatory guidance in oral health counseling do

Answer 3

helps parents learn what to expect of a child during the current and next developmental stage

Question 4

Review tables on pg 756-757

Answer 4

.

Question 5

What are some barriers to care in ped patients

Answer 5

• lack of knowledge about prevention
• language
• cost
• fear
• no dental home
• dentist doesnt see under age of 3
• hours dont match up
• transportation
• dentist doesnt accept ins

Question 6

What are the things that should be discussed in an interview of the parents of a pediatric patient

Answer 6

• family configuration
• prenatal and perinatal history
• medical history of the child
• dental history of parents and children
• feeding patterns infant, toddler and preschool
• fluoride exposure

Question 7

what are some things that should be discussed in the family configuration?

Answer 7

• socioeconomic status, education level of parents

- number of people in house, caregivers

Question 8

what some some things that should be discussed about the prenatal and perinatal history

Answer 8

• history of diseases
• record or freq. of visits
• prenatal care for mother
• problems with pregnancy or deliver
• drugs, alcohol, tobacco use during preg.

Question 9

what are some things that should be discussed about the medical history of the child?

Answer 9

• fam. history of disease/infection
• allergies
• hospitalizations/surgery
• ear infections
• fever
• current meds

Question 10

What are some things that should be discussed in the dental history of the parents and children

Answer 10

• parents OH habits
• teething problems of child
• deep pits and fissures
• caries and perio experience of family

Question 11

what are some thingd discussed in the interveiw about the feeding patterns of an infant (birth to 1 year)

Answer 11

• bottle
• fluoride content of water
• fequency, method of feeding
• problems with feeding or sleeping
• pacifier, thumb sucking, finger sucking
• liquids in bottle or sippy cup
• age others in family were weaned

Question 12

what are things that should be discussed in the interview about feeding patterns of toddlers (1-3 years) and preschool children (3-5 years)

Answer 12

• snacks per day and time period
• types of snacks
• amt of juice or sweet drinks per day
• use of bottle sippy cup
• availability of snack without supervision
• problems with eating
• special diet prescribed

Question 13

what things should be discussed in the interview about fluoride

Answer 13

• history of exposure
• fluoride level in water supply
• well water
• type of toothpaste, amt, frequency
• use of fl2 supplements

Question 14

how should you position for access in an infant oral exam

Answer 14

• seat parent knee to knee

- place childs head on lap of examiner

Question 15

what is the exam sequence in an infant oral exam?

Answer 15

-examine for signs of abuse
-parent control childs extremities
-observe condition of anterior teeth
- look for biofilm, discoloration, malformation, caries
-

Question 16

how should you prepare a toddler for a dental visit

Answer 16

• make visit pleasant
• children told dentist and hygienist take good care of teeth
• dont use negative words such as hurt or pain
• when child isnt present, ask if they have any fears

Question 17

how should you position the toddler in the dental chair

Answer 17

-they are able to sit, position headrest if needed

Question 18

how do you have the parents involved in the planning assessment and treatement

Answer 18

• ask parents to provide a statement of childs temperment and ability to cooperate
• determine expected dev. milestones of child

Question 19

how do you evaluate if parents need to accompany the child

Answer 19

• have parents offer non verbal reassurance

- at first visit parent usually accompanies

Question 20

What characteristics does healthy gingiva of the primary dentition have

Answer 20

• pink, slightly/red
• tissue appearance is thick, rounded or rolled, and shiny
• tissue isn’t tight to teeth, less fibrous
• interdental papilla are flat and saddle shaped

Question 21

what does unhealthy gingiva of primary dentition have

Answer 21

swelling, redness, and bleeding on brushing or debriding

Question 22

how should the hygienist evaluate anterior teeth?

Answer 22

• look for white spot leisons, demineralization along cervical areas and proximal areas
• observe discolored leisons, caries

Question 23

What should the hygienist evaluate for in posterior teeth

Answer 23

• pits and fissures of primary molars
• dark discolorations in pits and fissures
• look for open dental carious leisons

Question 24

what should you evaluate for in occlusion of primary teeth

Answer 24

• lack of spacing
• malposed, crowded or congenitally missing teeth
• tooth eruption delays
• discrepancies in size of mouth and teeth
• early loss of primary molars

Question 25

When should you refer a child related to occlusion

Answer 25

- severly crowded, missing or malposed teeth | - overbite, overjet, crossbite

Question 26

What are indications of radiographic exposures of primary dentition

Answer 26

- primary molars close together and interfere with visualization and exploration - trauma - suspected pathology - problems with growth and development

Question 27

what film size should be used on a child

Answer 27

size 1, one film on each side

Question 28

What are risk factors for gingivitis

Answer 28

visible biofilm, mouth breathing, crowded teeth

Question 29

What is the purpose of oral prophylaxis in a child

Answer 29

- remove biofilm, stain and calc - educate parents and children on proper biofilm control - teach parents how to examine their childs mouth

Question 30

what kinds of oral prophylaxis is best for kids under 3

Answer 30

usually only require a wet toothbrush

Question 31

What kind of fluoride is recommended for children under the age of 6

Answer 31

fluoride varnish only, reduces inadvertent ingestion

Question 32

What age should fluoride be started who are at a moderate to high risk of caries

Answer 32

1 year old

Question 33

What do pacificers decrease the risk of

Answer 33

SIDS

Question 34

what are normal sucking

Answer 34

sucking on fingers, thumb or pacifiers is normal and acceptable behavior

Question 35

at what age should you introduce a pacifier

Answer 35

after 1 month old

Question 36

what shouldn't you do with a dirty pacifier

Answer 36

-shouldnt be cleaned in the parent/caregivers mouth since caries producing bacteria can be transferred

Question 37

how should you clean a pacifier

Answer 37

in warm soapy water or sterilize

Question 38

What are 4 important things to know about a bottle

Answer 38

- only formula or milk in the bottle - dont place child in bed with bottle - no juice or sweet liquids in bottle - dont use bottle as pacificer

Question 39

what shouldn't you allow with breast feeding

Answer 39

prolonged, at will feeding after teeth erupt

Question 40

What happens when an infant falls asleep after sucking

Answer 40

milk collects around teeth and causes demineralization

Question 41

What are teething behaviors

Answer 41

- excessive chewing and drooling - irritability - chang in appetite - interrupted sleep patterns - crying

Question 42

What are palliative measures for teething

Answer 42

chewing on objects (cold wash cloth, teething ring, rub gums with finger)

Question 43

are otc numbing solutions recommended for teething?

Answer 43

no, may numb entire oral cavity and if swallowed suppress the gag reflex

Question 44

What are some other names for early childhood caries

Answer 44

nursing caries, baby bottle caries, rampant caries

Question 45

What kind of bacteria in high levels in saliva and biofilm are indicators of ECC

Answer 45

high levels of mutans streptococi, and high levels of lactobaccilli in biofilm

Question 46

What is early childhood caries

Answer 46

-one or more decayed missing of frilled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth

Question 47

what is severe early childhood caries

Answer 47

smooth surface caries in children younger than 3

Question 48

What are predisposing factors for ECC

Answer 48

- sippy cup in bed - bottle has sweetened milk or sweet fluid - prolonged at will feeding - ineffective or no daily biofilm removal

Question 49

What teeth are the first to be effected in ECC

Answer 49

max. anterior teeth and primary molars

Question 50

why are the mandibular anterior teeth rarely effected in ECC

Answer 50

the nipple covers them

Question 51

What are things to look for in the start of ECC

Answer 51

- demineralization at cervical area - later stage presents with brown or dark brown spots - teach parents to look for these

Question 52

when teeth erupt how often and how much tooth paste are they brushed with

Answer 52

2 times a day with a smear of toothpaste

Question 53

at what age is the greatest incidence to primary dentition

Answer 53

at 2 to 3 years of age

Question 54

What is important for an child in brushing and flossing

Answer 54

- established routine - gain cooperation - parental supervision

Question 55

What will help establish a routine in brushing and flossing

Answer 55

-in the morning after breakfast and before bedtime, specify most critical time is before bedtime

Question 56

how can you gain cooperation in brushing a childs teeth

Answer 56

- make it fun - connect it with w fun activity like brushing teeth and then reading a story - disclosing agent

Question 57

what should parents supervise in helping their children with biofilm removal

Answer 57

- keep toothpaste out of reach | - assist with brushing and flossing

Question 58

true or false, childrens toothpaste contains the same amount of fluoride as adult toothpaste

Answer 58

true

Question 59

what can cause dental fluorosis in children

Answer 59

when they swallow large amounts of toothpaste

Question 60

when is the use of fluoride toothpaste that causes mild fluorosis most pronounced

Answer 60

at 24 months

Question 61

How much toothpaste should children under 2 years of age with a moderate or high caries risk use

Answer 61

a small smear

Question 62

how much toothpaste should a child age 2-5 used

Answer 62

a small pea sized amount spread the length of toothpaste head

Question 63

when is the most critical time for fluorosis to develop in primary teeth

Answer 63

during the middle to first year of life

Question 64

What should alert the hygienist to the possibility of fluorosis of the permanent incisors

Answer 64

identification of primary fluorosis

Question 65

when are esthetically significant permanent teeth most suceptible to fluorosis

Answer 65

the first 1-3 years of life

Question 66

what are causes of oral malodor in children

Answer 66

- bacteria at base of tongue - bacteria between tongue - postnasal drip

Question 67

what are dietary and feeding pattern recommendations for children

Answer 67

small, healthy meals during the day

Question 68

what should juice intake in children be limited to

Answer 68

4-6 ounces per day for children 1-6 years

Question 69

what is associated with narrow maxillary arch width, anterior open bite, posterior cross bite, in creased overjet and decreased overbite

Answer 69

prolonged thumb and finger sucking

Question 70

at what age should finger or thumb sucking be stopped

Answer 70

by 3 years old

Question 71

how should thumb or finger sucking be stopped

Answer 71

with positive reinforcement, reminders