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Dental Hygiene II > Module 8 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Module 8 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When is the best time to schedule pediatric patients

A

in the morning or after naps

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2
Q

When should a child first be seen by the dentist

A

by 6 months or after the the eruption of the first primary tooth by no later than age 1

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3
Q

What does anticipatory guidance in oral health counseling do

A

helps parents learn what to expect of a child during the current and next developmental stage

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4
Q

Review tables on pg 756-757

A

.

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5
Q

What are some barriers to care in ped patients

A
  • lack of knowledge about prevention
  • language
  • cost
  • fear
  • no dental home
  • dentist doesnt see under age of 3
  • hours dont match up
  • transportation
  • dentist doesnt accept ins
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6
Q

What are the things that should be discussed in an interview of the parents of a pediatric patient

A
  • family configuration
  • prenatal and perinatal history
  • medical history of the child
  • dental history of parents and children
  • feeding patterns infant, toddler and preschool
  • fluoride exposure
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7
Q

what are some things that should be discussed in the family configuration?

A
  • socioeconomic status, education level of parents

- number of people in house, caregivers

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8
Q

what some some things that should be discussed about the prenatal and perinatal history

A
  • history of diseases
  • record or freq. of visits
  • prenatal care for mother
  • problems with pregnancy or deliver
  • drugs, alcohol, tobacco use during preg.
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9
Q

what are some things that should be discussed about the medical history of the child?

A
  • fam. history of disease/infection
  • allergies
  • hospitalizations/surgery
  • ear infections
  • fever
  • current meds
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10
Q

What are some things that should be discussed in the dental history of the parents and children

A
  • parents OH habits
  • teething problems of child
  • deep pits and fissures
  • caries and perio experience of family
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11
Q

what are some thingd discussed in the interveiw about the feeding patterns of an infant (birth to 1 year)

A
  • bottle
  • fluoride content of water
  • fequency, method of feeding
  • problems with feeding or sleeping
  • pacifier, thumb sucking, finger sucking
  • liquids in bottle or sippy cup
  • age others in family were weaned
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12
Q

what are things that should be discussed in the interview about feeding patterns of toddlers (1-3 years) and preschool children (3-5 years)

A
  • snacks per day and time period
  • types of snacks
  • amt of juice or sweet drinks per day
  • use of bottle sippy cup
  • availability of snack without supervision
  • problems with eating
  • special diet prescribed
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13
Q

what things should be discussed in the interview about fluoride

A
  • history of exposure
  • fluoride level in water supply
  • well water
  • type of toothpaste, amt, frequency
  • use of fl2 supplements
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14
Q

how should you position for access in an infant oral exam

A
  • seat parent knee to knee

- place childs head on lap of examiner

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15
Q

what is the exam sequence in an infant oral exam?

A

-examine for signs of abuse
-parent control childs extremities
-observe condition of anterior teeth
- look for biofilm, discoloration, malformation, caries
-

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16
Q

how should you prepare a toddler for a dental visit

A
  • make visit pleasant
  • children told dentist and hygienist take good care of teeth
  • dont use negative words such as hurt or pain
  • when child isnt present, ask if they have any fears
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17
Q

how should you position the toddler in the dental chair

A

-they are able to sit, position headrest if needed

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18
Q

how do you have the parents involved in the planning assessment and treatement

A
  • ask parents to provide a statement of childs temperment and ability to cooperate
  • determine expected dev. milestones of child
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19
Q

how do you evaluate if parents need to accompany the child

A
  • have parents offer non verbal reassurance

- at first visit parent usually accompanies

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20
Q

What characteristics does healthy gingiva of the primary dentition have

A
  • pink, slightly/red
  • tissue appearance is thick, rounded or rolled, and shiny
  • tissue isn’t tight to teeth, less fibrous
  • interdental papilla are flat and saddle shaped
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21
Q

what does unhealthy gingiva of primary dentition have

A

swelling, redness, and bleeding on brushing or debriding

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22
Q

how should the hygienist evaluate anterior teeth?

A
  • look for white spot leisons, demineralization along cervical areas and proximal areas
  • observe discolored leisons, caries
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23
Q

What should the hygienist evaluate for in posterior teeth

A
  • pits and fissures of primary molars
  • dark discolorations in pits and fissures
  • look for open dental carious leisons
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24
Q

what should you evaluate for in occlusion of primary teeth

A
  • lack of spacing
  • malposed, crowded or congenitally missing teeth
  • tooth eruption delays
  • discrepancies in size of mouth and teeth
  • early loss of primary molars
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25
Q

When should you refer a child related to occlusion

A
  • severly crowded, missing or malposed teeth

- overbite, overjet, crossbite

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26
Q

What are indications of radiographic exposures of primary dentition

A
  • primary molars close together and interfere with visualization and exploration
  • trauma
  • suspected pathology
  • problems with growth and development
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27
Q

what film size should be used on a child

A

size 1, one film on each side

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28
Q

What are risk factors for gingivitis

A

visible biofilm, mouth breathing, crowded teeth

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29
Q

What is the purpose of oral prophylaxis in a child

A
  • remove biofilm, stain and calc
  • educate parents and children on proper biofilm control
  • teach parents how to examine their childs mouth
30
Q

what kinds of oral prophylaxis is best for kids under 3

A

usually only require a wet toothbrush

31
Q

What kind of fluoride is recommended for children under the age of 6

A

fluoride varnish only, reduces inadvertent ingestion

32
Q

What age should fluoride be started who are at a moderate to high risk of caries

A

1 year old

33
Q

What do pacificers decrease the risk of

A

SIDS

34
Q

what are normal sucking

A

sucking on fingers, thumb or pacifiers is normal and acceptable behavior

35
Q

at what age should you introduce a pacifier

A

after 1 month old

36
Q

what shouldn’t you do with a dirty pacifier

A

-shouldnt be cleaned in the parent/caregivers mouth since caries producing bacteria can be transferred

37
Q

how should you clean a pacifier

A

in warm soapy water or sterilize

38
Q

What are 4 important things to know about a bottle

A
  • only formula or milk in the bottle
  • dont place child in bed with bottle
  • no juice or sweet liquids in bottle
  • dont use bottle as pacificer
39
Q

what shouldn’t you allow with breast feeding

A

prolonged, at will feeding after teeth erupt

40
Q

What happens when an infant falls asleep after sucking

A

milk collects around teeth and causes demineralization

41
Q

What are teething behaviors

A
  • excessive chewing and drooling
  • irritability
  • chang in appetite
  • interrupted sleep patterns
  • crying
42
Q

What are palliative measures for teething

A

chewing on objects (cold wash cloth, teething ring, rub gums with finger)

43
Q

are otc numbing solutions recommended for teething?

A

no, may numb entire oral cavity and if swallowed suppress the gag reflex

44
Q

What are some other names for early childhood caries

A

nursing caries, baby bottle caries, rampant caries

45
Q

What kind of bacteria in high levels in saliva and biofilm are indicators of ECC

A

high levels of mutans streptococi, and high levels of lactobaccilli in biofilm

46
Q

What is early childhood caries

A

-one or more decayed missing of frilled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth

47
Q

what is severe early childhood caries

A

smooth surface caries in children younger than 3

48
Q

What are predisposing factors for ECC

A
  • sippy cup in bed
  • bottle has sweetened milk or sweet fluid
  • prolonged at will feeding
  • ineffective or no daily biofilm removal
49
Q

What teeth are the first to be effected in ECC

A

max. anterior teeth and primary molars

50
Q

why are the mandibular anterior teeth rarely effected in ECC

A

the nipple covers them

51
Q

What are things to look for in the start of ECC

A
  • demineralization at cervical area
  • later stage presents with brown or dark brown spots
  • teach parents to look for these
52
Q

when teeth erupt how often and how much tooth paste are they brushed with

A

2 times a day with a smear of toothpaste

53
Q

at what age is the greatest incidence to primary dentition

A

at 2 to 3 years of age

54
Q

What is important for an child in brushing and flossing

A
  • established routine
  • gain cooperation
  • parental supervision
55
Q

What will help establish a routine in brushing and flossing

A

-in the morning after breakfast and before bedtime, specify most critical time is before bedtime

56
Q

how can you gain cooperation in brushing a childs teeth

A
  • make it fun
  • connect it with w fun activity like brushing teeth and then reading a story
  • disclosing agent
57
Q

what should parents supervise in helping their children with biofilm removal

A
  • keep toothpaste out of reach

- assist with brushing and flossing

58
Q

true or false, childrens toothpaste contains the same amount of fluoride as adult toothpaste

A

true

59
Q

what can cause dental fluorosis in children

A

when they swallow large amounts of toothpaste

60
Q

when is the use of fluoride toothpaste that causes mild fluorosis most pronounced

A

at 24 months

61
Q

How much toothpaste should children under 2 years of age with a moderate or high caries risk use

A

a small smear

62
Q

how much toothpaste should a child age 2-5 used

A

a small pea sized amount spread the length of toothpaste head

63
Q

when is the most critical time for fluorosis to develop in primary teeth

A

during the middle to first year of life

64
Q

What should alert the hygienist to the possibility of fluorosis of the permanent incisors

A

identification of primary fluorosis

65
Q

when are esthetically significant permanent teeth most suceptible to fluorosis

A

the first 1-3 years of life

66
Q

what are causes of oral malodor in children

A
  • bacteria at base of tongue
  • bacteria between tongue
  • postnasal drip
67
Q

what are dietary and feeding pattern recommendations for children

A

small, healthy meals during the day

68
Q

what should juice intake in children be limited to

A

4-6 ounces per day for children 1-6 years

69
Q

what is associated with narrow maxillary arch width, anterior open bite, posterior cross bite, in creased overjet and decreased overbite

A

prolonged thumb and finger sucking

70
Q

at what age should finger or thumb sucking be stopped

A

by 3 years old

71
Q

how should thumb or finger sucking be stopped

A

with positive reinforcement, reminders

Dental Hygiene II (19 decks)

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