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Dental Hygiene II > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What can ignoring someones culture lead to?

A

negave health concequences or poor clinical outcomes

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2
Q

how is cross culture communication enhanced

A

when the DH develops a knowledge about adn aviods stereotyping

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3
Q

What are some successful nonverbal communication examples

A
  • follow pts lead about touching or personal space
  • use hand gestures with caution
  • be careful interpreting facial expressions
  • follow pt. lead for eye contact
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4
Q

The DH who strives to become adept to providing culturally effecive care:

A
  • values diversity
  • actively aquires knowledge
  • nonjudgemental
  • avoids sterotypes
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5
Q

What does periodontal debridement include?

A

scaling, root planing, root debridement

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6
Q

what is scaling?

A

manual and power driven to remove calc and all soft deposits sub and supra

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7
Q

what is root planing?

A

to elimiate subgingival calculus and smooth the tooth surface

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8
Q

what is root debridement

A

to elimiate subgingival biofilm and mineralized deposits

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9
Q

gingival inflammation and periodontal destruction result from what

A

the action of pathogenic microorganisms in dental biofilm

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10
Q

What is another name for an endotoxin?

A

lipopolysachcharides

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11
Q

what are endotoxins derived from?

A

the cell walls of gram negative organisms

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12
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

toxic to human tissue and leas to inflammation and destruction of perio attachment

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13
Q

where do endotoxins exist?

A

in the biofilm

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14
Q

Removal of cementum during instrumentation is

A

inevitable

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15
Q

Is calculus a direct cause of gingival inflammation

A

no

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16
Q

what does calculus provide in inflammation

A

a nidus for bacteria

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17
Q

what must be removed to create a healing environment for perio tissue

A

calculus

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18
Q

what are the aims and expected outcomes of perio therapy?

A
  • interrupt of stop the progress of disease
  • create an environment that encourages healing
  • induce changes in quantity and quality of bacteria
  • tissue conditioning for advanced disease
  • educate and motivate patient
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19
Q

when is a single appointment adequate for a patient

A

gingivitis or ealy perio with small deposits, reasonable personal care, few teeth present

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20
Q

When may you need multiple appointments for a patient?

A

extent of deposits, probe measurements,lack of oral care

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21
Q

When would you schedule patients for quadrant scaling appointments?

A

in a patient who is severely diseased, at 1 week intervals with anesthesia

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22
Q

In quadrant scaling when can you scale 2 quads in the same appointment?

A

when they have less severe perio

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23
Q

after quadrant scaling is completed what will be needed?

A

a follow up appt for evaluation

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24
Q

what is introduced after quadrant scaling is completed?

A

periodic maintenance

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25
Q

how long should you wait to evaluate a paitent after the scaling series?

A

2 weeks

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26
Q

What is full mouth disinfection?

A

scaling in 2 long appointments completed within a 24 hour period

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27
Q

what is the rationale for full mouth disinfection

A

perio disease are infections ridding the mouth of as many pathogens at one time can encourage healing and no reinfection

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28
Q

what are the limitations of full mouth disinfection?

A
  • pt cant stand such intense tx
  • not as may opportunities for pt instruction
  • revaluation
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29
Q

what is preliminary partial scaling?

A

“inital full mouth debridement” “gross scaling”

30
Q

what is usually used in partial scaling?

A

an ultrasonic

31
Q

what are potential problems for imcomplete scaling?

A 
Healing at the margin:limited access
potential for abcess formation
patient instruction
roughened calculus
patient misunderstanding
32
Q

What happens to gingival tissues in gross scaling?

A
  • tightens around tooth
  • tissue appears normal
  • probing and bleeding hasnt changed
  • makes instrumentation difficult
33
Q

What is the potential for abcess formation?

A

predisposing factors

sequence: tissue tightens, pocket closes, microorganisms multiply abcess develops

34
Q

What are the problems of incomplete scaling in the category of patient instruction?

A
  • visible lesson taken away
  • swelling and discomfort taken away, less motivation
  • when you scale quads the patient cant compare them
35
Q

What are the problems of incomplete scaling as far as roughened calculus?

A

calculus is roughened thus providing more areas for infection

36
Q

What are the probems of incomplete scaling as far as patient misunderstanding?

A

it looks and feels good so they may not see need to return for appointments, if perio develops they may claim incomplete tx was given

37
Q

In scaling to completion what is the segmental approach?

A

quad or sextant treatments and reevaluating quads each time the patient comes back for the remaining quads

38
Q

What are factors to consider in scaling to completion?

A

access, deposit on tooth surface, root anatomy, patient factors (LA, n20, limited opening)

39
Q

What do you do to prepare for instrumentation?

A 
Review patients assessment record
review radiographic findings
review care plan and tx records
patient preparation
supra and sub gingival exam
formulate a strategy
40
Q

What factors are included in patient preparation?

A

premedication, preprocedural bactericial Rinse, prep for anesthesia

41
Q

What factors are included in a suprogingival visual examination?

A
  • gross deposits and irregularites

- dry off teeth observe calculus

42
Q

What factors are included in a tacile supragingival examination?

A
  • look for smooth surface

- explorer meets resistance to calc

43
Q

what sound is heard when an explorer encounters a deposit?

A

scratchy or audible click

44
Q

What factors are involved in a visual subgingival examination of the gingiva?

A
  • spongy, red tissue over proximal calc

- dark color beneath translucent marginal gingiva

45
Q

what factors are involved in a visual subgingival examination of calculus?

A
  • loose resilient pocket wall deflected

- dark calc can be seen within the pocket

46
Q

what factors are involved in a tactile subgingival exam with perio charting?

A
  • depths recorded as a baseline

- study soft tissue attach for effective procedures

47
Q

what factors are involved in a tactile subgingival exam with identifying shallow pockets

A
  • scaling in pockets less than 3 mm can lead to loss of attachment
  • repeated use of curet when no calc is present can result in loss of attachment
48
Q

what factors are involved in a tactile subgingival exam with determining the extent of the pockets?

A

use an explorer for distinction of fine hard deposits

49
Q

what is involved in tactile subgingival exam with examining tooth topography?

A

detect grooves and furcations using a horizontal stroke

50
Q

what factors are involved in a tactile subgingival exam when evaluating restorative margins?

A
  • detect overhangs

- detect marginal irregularities

51
Q

How do you formulate a strategy for instrumentation?

A
  • combine clinical findings with info in chart
  • check tx objectives
  • formulate a strategy
52
Q

WHat are the 3 prerequisites for calculus removal?

A
  • position of clinician to prevent trauma
  • visibility and lighting
  • sharp instruments
53
Q

What is periodontal debridement?

A

removal of all residual calc and toxic materials from the root to produce a clean smooth surface

54
Q

what are the other names for periodontal debridement?

A

root planing, root detoxification, root preparation

55
Q

What is the instrumentation zone?

A

areas where instrumentation is preformed for scaling and root planing

56
Q

where is the instrumentation zone?

A

above the clinical attachment of perio fibers, extends the height and width of the deposits to be removed

57
Q

What are the steps in systematic deposit removal?

A 
1-tooth to tooth
2-section to section of deposit
3-strokes overlap
4-instrument in instrumentation zone
5-nature of the deposit
58
Q

What is the nature of a deposit?

A

the oldest calc is located next to the tooth and is the hardest

59
Q

What are some special subgingival anatomy considerations?

A
  • tooth surface pocket wall- thin or no cementum
  • soft tissue pocket wall- bleeding inevitable
  • variations in probing depths- guides insertion
60
Q

What is instrumentation dependent on?

A

almost entirely on tactile sensitivity

61
Q

what limits the freedom of movement of an instrument?

A

soft tissue pocket wall

62
Q

What is the location of subgingival calc?

A

enamel root or both

63
Q

how does calculus attach to the cementum?

A

in minute irregularities and in areas of enamel resorbtion

64
Q

calculus is more______ than on enamel and requires a different technique for removal

A

tenacious

65
Q

What forms does subgingival calc occur in?

A

nodules, ledge, smooth veneer, and other forms

66
Q

What are the steps in manual subgingival scaling?

A
  • instrument grasp
  • stabilization: establish finger rest
  • select correct cutting edge
  • adaptation of cutting edge
  • angulation
  • lateral pressure
  • activation stroke
  • channels of strokes
  • plane the root surface
  • evaluation
67
Q

What do you do during an activation stroke?

A
  • tighten grasp
  • maintain cutting edge evenly
  • control motion
  • overlapping strokes
  • stay in instrumentation zone
68
Q

What are channels of strokes?

A

moving the instrument slightly laterally to ensure overlap

69
Q

What is the purpose of the finishing techniques in root planing?

A

to smooth the surface to lesson the immediate recolonization of bacteria

70
Q

Where do do plane the root surface

A

only where deemed necessary after exploration

71
Q

What strokes should be used in the finishing techniques of root planing?

A

multidirectional, vertical then oblique, be careful with horizontal

72
Q

How should the explorer be applied in evaluation?

A

vertical and diagonal strokes

Dental Hygiene II (19 decks)

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