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Dental Hygiene II > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are macronutrients?

A

They are nutrients needed in larger amounts in the diet

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2
Q

What nutrients do macro nutrients include?

A

carbs, protein and fat

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3
Q

What is a vegan?

A

a diet consisting of only plant foods

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4
Q

What is a fruitarian?

A

a diet of fruit, nuts, honey and veg. oil

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5
Q

What is a lacto-vegetarian?

A

vegan based diet with the inclusion of dairy products

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6
Q

What is a lacto-ovo-vegetarian?

A

vegan based diet with the inclusion of dairy products and eggs

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7
Q

What are AIs?

A

adequate intakes

Recommended nutrient intake utilized when and EAR cant be established

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8
Q

What are DRIs?

A

diet reference intakes

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9
Q

What do DRIs concentrate on?

A

maintaining a health state for the healthy general population to avoid over eating and prevent chronic disease

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10
Q

What are EARs?

A

estimated average requirements

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11
Q

What does the EAR estimate?

A

the nutrient requirements of he average individual?

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12
Q

What are RDAs?

A

recommended dietary allowances

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13
Q

What do RDAs help achieve?

A

amts of nutrients recommended to be consumed daily by healthy people to achieve adequate nutrient intake

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14
Q

What are ULs?

A

tolerable upper intake levels

Max intake that is unlikely to creaste risk of adverse effect

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15
Q

What vitamins are relevant to skin and mucous membranes?

A

Vitamins A, B complex and ascorbic acid

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16
Q

What minerals are relevant to skin and mucous membrane?

A

zinc and iron

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17
Q

Does malnutrition contribute to progression of perio. disease?

A

Yes

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18
Q

T/F nutritional deficiencies do not cause periodontal disease

A

True

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19
Q

Severe deficiencies are rare in developed countries T/F

A

True

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20
Q

RDA’s are not essential to the health of periodontal tissue

A

False, they are essential (total body health)

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21
Q

Without local factors including pathogens in biofilm, retentive factors, and lack of home care perio cannot occur. T/F

A

True

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22
Q

Does the physical character of a persons diet contribute to perio disease?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Malnutrition suppresses the immune system and impairs host reaction to infections

A

True

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24
Q

Do nutrients contribute to healing and tissue repair?

A

Yes

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25
What elements are strongly associated with wound healing?
Vitamin B complex, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and dietary calcium
26
What is the vitamin B complex?
all water soluble vitamins excluding vitamin C
27
List all of the vitamins in the vitamin B complex:
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, biotin, folic acid, pantothenic acid
28
Thiamin
vitamin B1
29
Riboflavin
Vitamin B2
30
Niacin
Vitamin B3
31
pyridoxin
vitamin B6
32
cobalamin
vitamin B12
33
What is Vitamin C needed for?
collagen formation intercellular material healing tissues
34
Where is 99% of calcium in the body?
In the bones and teeth
35
Where is the 1% of calcium in the body?
in the body tissues and fluids
36
What is necessary for continuous exchange of calcium between blood, bones, and cells?
Vitamin D
37
_____intake of calcium can be a risk factor for perio disease
low
38
When smokers have low dietary vitamin c intake there periodontal disease is more severe T/F
True
39
Obesity cannot predict perio disease
False it is a significant predictor
40
What kind of foods should be recommended for patients with periodontal conditions?
firm fibrous foods may stimulate tissues and improve circulation and increase salivary flow
41
What are the relevant minerals for tooth structure and integrity?
calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, fluoride
42
What are the relevant vitamins for tooth structure and integrity?
Vitamin A
43
________ is the essential mineral for dental caries prevention
fluoride
44
Caries is a result of___________ not nutrient deficiency
excess cariogenic foods
45
What are some purposes of a dietary assessment?
- ID patients who may be at nutritional and oral health risk - patients to study dietary habits - picture of food in patients diet - record frequency and consumption of cariogenic foods
46
What do you do to get ready for a dietary assessment?
Patient history and clinical evaluation
47
What kinds of forms are used for a dietary assessment?
``` Food diary (intake over 24 hours) Dietary analysis recording form (3-7 Days) ```
48
Food diary
encourage writing down asap, use of typical days, write down details, record supplements
49
What do you do when you receive the food diary?
Obtain supplemental data (ask questions if needed) | Review- look for omissions, look at habits
50
What is the critical pH of biofilm?
5.2-5.5
51
What is the critical pH for root surfaces?
6.0-6.7
52
What is the critical level for demineralization of enamel?
5.5
53
When acid is left undisturbed how long does it take to be cleared from the mouth?
40 min to 2 hours
54
How do you immediately evaluate the dietary analysis?
verbal and nonverbal intrest, comprehension and demonstration of cooperation by patient
55
Three month follow up for dietary analysis
- review OHI - keep a new food diary - document progress
56
Six month follow up for dietary analysis
- perform clinical exam - check biofilm score - compare
57
What is anorexia nervosa?
refusal of an individual to maintain body weight over the minimal normal weight for age and height
58
What does anorexia involve?
self imposed starvation and obsessive desire to be thin
59
What are the 2 types of anorexia nervosa
restricing type, binge-eating/purging type
60
What are the characteristics of a restrictive type anorexia nervosa?
does not regularly engage in binge eating or purging behavior
61
What are the characteristics of binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa?
regularly engages in binge eating or purging behavior
62
There is an increased incidence of what in an individual with anorexia nervosa?
major depression or a family history of major depression or biopolar disorder
63
What are some physical characteristics of an individual with anorexia nervosa?
- severe emaciation "waif like" appearance - refusal to eat but preoccupied with food - hyperactivity - abuse of diuretics - dry, flaky skin, brittle fingernails - lanugo
64
What are the medical complications of anorexia nervosa?
- malnutrition - dehydration - metabolic changes - amenorrhea
65
What kind of therapies are needed for the treatment of anorexia nervosa
medical and psychiatric
66
Are pharmacotheraputic agents usually involved with anorexia nervosa?
No
67
Personal factors to look for in an individual with anorexia nervosa
- excessive exercise, preoccupied with food and weightloss - depression (crying spells, sleep disturbances - high achiever, isolated socially
68
What are the oral implications of anorexia nervosa?
xerostomia, perimylolysis
69
What is bulimia nervosa?
recurrent episodes of uncontrollable bine eating
70
What are the 2 types of bulimia nervosa?
Purging and non purging
71
What is the purging type of bulimia nervosa?
regularly engages in self induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas
72
What is the non purging type of bulimia nervosa characterize bye?
inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as fasting or excessive exercise
73
What is bulimarexia?
has bulimic-type anorexia and shows symptoms of both anorexia and bulimia
74
An individual with bulimia nervosa has a normal or slightly overweight body weight. T/F
True
75
Drug and or alcohol abuse by the patient or in the family history is not common in bulimia nervosa
False, it is common
76
What medical complications arise in bulimia nervosa?
- dehydration, electorlye imbalance, protein malnutrition, cardiac arrhythmia - Amenorrhea (with history of anorexia) - GI disturbances - drug and alcohol abuse
77
What treatment is needed for someone with bulimia nervosa?
cognitive behavioral therapy, modify dysfunctional beliefs, antidepressants
78
What are personal factors to watch for with someone with bulimia nervosa?
socially extroverted, low self-esteem guilt feeling for eating habits
79
What are some oral findings in an individual with B. N. ?
Periomyolysis, Caries, decrease in saliva, xerostomia, hypersensistive teeth, trauma, partoid gland enlargement, bruxism, impaired taste
80
What is perimylolysis?
chemical erosion of the tooth surfaces by acid from regurgitation of stomach contents, after vomiting acid is retained by tongue papillae and provides longer contact with max teeth
81
What kind of trauma is seen in someone with B. N.?
- soft palate trauma from fingers or objects - pharyngeal trauma from regurgitation - Callous formation or scars on fingers or knuckles for self induced vomiting
82
What should you do to intervene with a patient suspected of having B.N?
- reduce cariogenic foods - improve personal oral care - do not brush after vomiting - fluoride therapy - address xerostomia - address hypersensitive teeth
83
Why should you not brush after vomiting?
Demineralization starts immediately on contact with acid, brushing may abrade demineralized areas
84
What can a patient do to help remineralization after vomiting?
- sodium bicarbonate or mangesium hydroxide solution rinse | - sodium fluoride rinse

Dental Hygiene II (19 decks)

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