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Dental Hygiene II > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are macronutrients?

A

They are nutrients needed in larger amounts in the diet

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2
Q

What nutrients do macro nutrients include?

A

carbs, protein and fat

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3
Q

What is a vegan?

A

a diet consisting of only plant foods

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4
Q

What is a fruitarian?

A

a diet of fruit, nuts, honey and veg. oil

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5
Q

What is a lacto-vegetarian?

A

vegan based diet with the inclusion of dairy products

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6
Q

What is a lacto-ovo-vegetarian?

A

vegan based diet with the inclusion of dairy products and eggs

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7
Q

What are AIs?

A

adequate intakes

Recommended nutrient intake utilized when and EAR cant be established

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8
Q

What are DRIs?

A

diet reference intakes

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9
Q

What do DRIs concentrate on?

A

maintaining a health state for the healthy general population to avoid over eating and prevent chronic disease

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10
Q

What are EARs?

A

estimated average requirements

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11
Q

What does the EAR estimate?

A

the nutrient requirements of he average individual?

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12
Q

What are RDAs?

A

recommended dietary allowances

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13
Q

What do RDAs help achieve?

A

amts of nutrients recommended to be consumed daily by healthy people to achieve adequate nutrient intake

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14
Q

What are ULs?

A

tolerable upper intake levels

Max intake that is unlikely to creaste risk of adverse effect

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15
Q

What vitamins are relevant to skin and mucous membranes?

A

Vitamins A, B complex and ascorbic acid

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16
Q

What minerals are relevant to skin and mucous membrane?

A

zinc and iron

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17
Q

Does malnutrition contribute to progression of perio. disease?

A

Yes

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18
Q

T/F nutritional deficiencies do not cause periodontal disease

A

True

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19
Q

Severe deficiencies are rare in developed countries T/F

A

True

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20
Q

RDA’s are not essential to the health of periodontal tissue

A

False, they are essential (total body health)

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21
Q

Without local factors including pathogens in biofilm, retentive factors, and lack of home care perio cannot occur. T/F

A

True

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22
Q

Does the physical character of a persons diet contribute to perio disease?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Malnutrition suppresses the immune system and impairs host reaction to infections

A

True

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24
Q

Do nutrients contribute to healing and tissue repair?

A

Yes

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25
Q

What elements are strongly associated with wound healing?

A

Vitamin B complex, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and dietary calcium

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26
Q

What is the vitamin B complex?

A

all water soluble vitamins excluding vitamin C

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27
Q

List all of the vitamins in the vitamin B complex:

A

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, biotin, folic acid, pantothenic acid

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28
Q

Thiamin

A

vitamin B1

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29
Q

Riboflavin

A

Vitamin B2

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30
Q

Niacin

A

Vitamin B3

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31
Q

pyridoxin

A

vitamin B6

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32
Q

cobalamin

A

vitamin B12

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33
Q

What is Vitamin C needed for?

A

collagen formation
intercellular material
healing tissues

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34
Q

Where is 99% of calcium in the body?

A

In the bones and teeth

35
Q

Where is the 1% of calcium in the body?

A

in the body tissues and fluids

36
Q

What is necessary for continuous exchange of calcium between blood, bones, and cells?

A

Vitamin D

37
Q

_____intake of calcium can be a risk factor for perio disease

A

low

38
Q

When smokers have low dietary vitamin c intake there periodontal disease is more severe T/F

A

True

39
Q

Obesity cannot predict perio disease

A

False it is a significant predictor

40
Q

What kind of foods should be recommended for patients with periodontal conditions?

A

firm fibrous foods may stimulate tissues and improve circulation and increase salivary flow

41
Q

What are the relevant minerals for tooth structure and integrity?

A

calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, fluoride

42
Q

What are the relevant vitamins for tooth structure and integrity?

A

Vitamin A

43
Q

________ is the essential mineral for dental caries prevention

A

fluoride

44
Q

Caries is a result of___________ not nutrient deficiency

A

excess cariogenic foods

45
Q

What are some purposes of a dietary assessment?

A
  • ID patients who may be at nutritional and oral health risk
  • patients to study dietary habits
  • picture of food in patients diet
  • record frequency and consumption of cariogenic foods
46
Q

What do you do to get ready for a dietary assessment?

A

Patient history and clinical evaluation

47
Q

What kinds of forms are used for a dietary assessment?

A 
Food diary (intake over 24 hours)
Dietary analysis recording form (3-7 Days)
48
Q

Food diary

A

encourage writing down asap, use of typical days, write down details, record supplements

49
Q

What do you do when you receive the food diary?

A

Obtain supplemental data (ask questions if needed)

Review- look for omissions, look at habits

50
Q

What is the critical pH of biofilm?

A

5.2-5.5

51
Q

What is the critical pH for root surfaces?

A

6.0-6.7

52
Q

What is the critical level for demineralization of enamel?

A

5.5

53
Q

When acid is left undisturbed how long does it take to be cleared from the mouth?

A

40 min to 2 hours

54
Q

How do you immediately evaluate the dietary analysis?

A

verbal and nonverbal intrest, comprehension and demonstration of cooperation by patient

55
Q

Three month follow up for dietary analysis

A
  • review OHI
  • keep a new food diary
  • document progress
56
Q

Six month follow up for dietary analysis

A
  • perform clinical exam
  • check biofilm score
  • compare
57
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

refusal of an individual to maintain body weight over the minimal normal weight for age and height

58
Q

What does anorexia involve?

A

self imposed starvation and obsessive desire to be thin

59
Q

What are the 2 types of anorexia nervosa

A

restricing type, binge-eating/purging type

60
Q

What are the characteristics of a restrictive type anorexia nervosa?

A

does not regularly engage in binge eating or purging behavior

61
Q

What are the characteristics of binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa?

A

regularly engages in binge eating or purging behavior

62
Q

There is an increased incidence of what in an individual with anorexia nervosa?

A

major depression or a family history of major depression or biopolar disorder

63
Q

What are some physical characteristics of an individual with anorexia nervosa?

A
  • severe emaciation “waif like” appearance
  • refusal to eat but preoccupied with food
  • hyperactivity
  • abuse of diuretics
  • dry, flaky skin, brittle fingernails
  • lanugo
64
Q

What are the medical complications of anorexia nervosa?

A
  • malnutrition
  • dehydration
  • metabolic changes
  • amenorrhea
65
Q

What kind of therapies are needed for the treatment of anorexia nervosa

A

medical and psychiatric

66
Q

Are pharmacotheraputic agents usually involved with anorexia nervosa?

A

No

67
Q

Personal factors to look for in an individual with anorexia nervosa

A
  • excessive exercise, preoccupied with food and weightloss
  • depression (crying spells, sleep disturbances
  • high achiever, isolated socially
68
Q

What are the oral implications of anorexia nervosa?

A

xerostomia, perimylolysis

69
Q

What is bulimia nervosa?

A

recurrent episodes of uncontrollable bine eating

70
Q

What are the 2 types of bulimia nervosa?

A

Purging and non purging

71
Q

What is the purging type of bulimia nervosa?

A

regularly engages in self induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas

72
Q

What is the non purging type of bulimia nervosa characterize bye?

A

inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as fasting or excessive exercise

73
Q

What is bulimarexia?

A

has bulimic-type anorexia and shows symptoms of both anorexia and bulimia

74
Q

An individual with bulimia nervosa has a normal or slightly overweight body weight. T/F

A

True

75
Q

Drug and or alcohol abuse by the patient or in the family history is not common in bulimia nervosa

A

False, it is common

76
Q

What medical complications arise in bulimia nervosa?

A
  • dehydration, electorlye imbalance, protein malnutrition, cardiac arrhythmia
  • Amenorrhea (with history of anorexia)
  • GI disturbances
  • drug and alcohol abuse
77
Q

What treatment is needed for someone with bulimia nervosa?

A

cognitive behavioral therapy, modify dysfunctional beliefs, antidepressants

78
Q

What are personal factors to watch for with someone with bulimia nervosa?

A

socially extroverted, low self-esteem guilt feeling for eating habits

79
Q

What are some oral findings in an individual with B. N. ?

A

Periomyolysis, Caries, decrease in saliva, xerostomia, hypersensistive teeth, trauma, partoid gland enlargement, bruxism, impaired taste

80
Q

What is perimylolysis?

A

chemical erosion of the tooth surfaces by acid from regurgitation of stomach contents, after vomiting acid is retained by tongue papillae and provides longer contact with max teeth

81
Q

What kind of trauma is seen in someone with B. N.?

A
  • soft palate trauma from fingers or objects
  • pharyngeal trauma from regurgitation
  • Callous formation or scars on fingers or knuckles for self induced vomiting
82
Q

What should you do to intervene with a patient suspected of having B.N?

A
  • reduce cariogenic foods
  • improve personal oral care
  • do not brush after vomiting
  • fluoride therapy
  • address xerostomia
  • address hypersensitive teeth
83
Q

Why should you not brush after vomiting?

A

Demineralization starts immediately on contact with acid, brushing may abrade demineralized areas

84
Q

What can a patient do to help remineralization after vomiting?

A
  • sodium bicarbonate or mangesium hydroxide solution rinse

- sodium fluoride rinse

Dental Hygiene II (19 decks)

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