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AFN Chem & Physics > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

AANA standard #_____ addresses monitoring and alarms

A

9

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2
Q

Document blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration at least every ____ minutes for all anesthetics

A

5 minutes

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3
Q

What is the standard initial medication (name & dosage) used for the treatment of MH?

A

Dantrolene 10mg/kg

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4
Q

Electrical depolarization with systolic contraction

A

HR

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5
Q

Detectable peripheral arterial pulsation

A

Pulse rate

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6
Q

pulse rate is less than heart rate (Afib, PVCs, PEA)

A

Pulse deficit

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7
Q

Tall ____ waves can be mistaken for R waves and “double count” HR

A

T waves

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8
Q

ST segment trending monitors have an average sensitivity of ___% and an average specificity of ___% in detecting myocardial ischemia.

A

74%

73%

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9
Q

Approximately _______ of patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery have risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

one-third

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10
Q

The overall incidence of perioperative ischemia in patients with CAD scheduled for cardiac or noncardiac surgery ranges from ___% to ___%.

A

20% to 80%

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11
Q

defined as where the QRS complex ends and the ST segment begins

A

ST junction

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12
Q

ST junction is synonymous with the ___ point

A

J

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13
Q

Two standard monitoring leads?

A

leads II & V5

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14
Q

Which lead has the highest sensitivity for myocardial ischemia detection?

A

V5

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15
Q

Which lead is the best for RV ischemia detection?

A

V4

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16
Q

When V4 & V5 are used together, they have a ___% sensitivity for myocardial ischemia detection

A

90%

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17
Q

best lead for monitoring P waves, enhancing diagnosis of dysrhythmias

A

Lead II

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18
Q

Einthoven’s standard (limb) leads

A

I, II, III

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19
Q

Goldberger’s augmented leads

A

aVR, aVF, aVL

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20
Q

Precordial (chest) leads

A

V1-V6

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21
Q

Name the 3 bipolar leads

A

I, II, III

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22
Q

Name the 6 unipolar precordial leads

A

V1-V6

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23
Q

Name the 3 modified unipolar leads

A

aVR, aVF, aVL

24
Q

With a 3-lead system, you cannot see the ______ portion of the heart

A

anterior

25
Q

Aleadcomposed of two electrodes of opposite polarity is called______ lead

A

bipolar

26
Q

Aleadcomposed of a single positive electrode and a reference point is a _______lead

A

unipolar

27
Q

How many leads for the standard of care for at risk pts?

A

5-lead

28
Q

In a 5-lead setup, which lead is preferred for arrhythmia monitoring?

A

V1

29
Q

In a 5-lead setup, which 3 leads are preferred for myocardial ischemia monitoring?

A

V3-V5

30
Q

In leads I, II, and III, all waveforms should be _______ deflected

A

positively

31
Q

In this augmented lead, all waveforms are positive

A

aVF

32
Q

In this augmented lead, all waveforms are negative

A

aVR

33
Q

In this augmented lead, the P wave & T wave are negative, and the QRS is biphasic

A

aVL

34
Q

In the precordial leads, the P wave and T wave are _______, and the QRS (in ascending order V1, V2, V3……..) starts ______ and ends _______.

A

Positive
Negative
Positive

35
Q

The ___ wave represents atrial depolarization

A

P wave

36
Q

The _____ ______ represents the bridge between atrial and ventricle activation

A

PR interval

37
Q

Within the PR interval, name the electrical pathway (in order) from atrium to ventricles.

A

AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle branches
Ventricles (purkinje fibers)

38
Q

A conduction delay within the PR interval likely represents slow ___ node conduction

A

AV node

39
Q

What is the normal PR interval duration?

A

0.12-0.2 seconds

40
Q

What is the normal QRS duration?

A

0.06-0.1 seconds

41
Q

This represents ventricular depolarization on an ECG

A

QRS complex

42
Q

The ___ wave represents ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

43
Q

What is the Q wave? Why is it there? Why do we care? (Probably not a test question, but important to know and will help in understanding pathological Q waves)

A

Physiologic activation of the ventricles begins at the left side of the interventricular septum. These early septal depolarization forces are oriented anteriorly and to the right. As a result, small (<0.04 sec in duration) “septal” Q waves typically occur in the lateral precordial leads (which have a left-right spatial orientation) and in one or more of the limb leads (except aVR).

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-and-diagnosis-of-q-waves-on-the-electrocardiogram?search=q%20wave&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~125&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

44
Q

What segment represents ventricular repolarization?

A

ST segment

45
Q

The ____ segment is most sensitive to myocardial ischemia

A

ST segment

46
Q

With this type of ischemia, you will see ST elevation with/without tall T waves

A

Transmural ischemia

47
Q

This type of ischemia is secondary to acute coronary artery occlusion or spasm

A

Transmural ischemia

48
Q

With this type of ischemia, you will see ST depression

A

subendocardial ischemia

49
Q

This type of ischemia is secondary to stable angina or

significant but stable CAD

A

subendocardial ischemia

50
Q

decreased R wave amplitude, pathologic Q wave

A

MI

51
Q

abnormal Q wave

A

Transmural MI

52
Q

less likely to have Q wave

A

Subendocardial MI

53
Q

ST depression, flat T wave, prominent U wave
Prolongs repolarization
Long QT syndrome
Torsades de points

A

hypokalemia

54
Q

Narrow, peaked T wave, short QT interval
QRS widening, flat P wave, PR prolongation, 2nd & 3rd degree block
ventricular flutter, asystole

A

hyperkalemia

55
Q

short QT, decreased T wave amplitude or inversion

A

hypercalcemia

56
Q

prolonged QT

A

hypocalcemia

AFN Chem & Physics (21 decks)

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