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AFN Chem & Physics > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Electricity is defined as that which results from_____

A

Mobile charges

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2
Q

Positive charges are ________ to negative charges, and _______ by other positive charges

A

Attracted

Repelled

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3
Q

Force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is the _______ or _________ force

A

Electrostatic

Coulombic 

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4
Q

Unit of electrical charge

A

(C) Coulomb:

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5
Q

This law states that the total amount of electrical charge in the universe is constant

A

Law of conservation of electric charge

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6
Q

E=I X R

What law does this equation represent?

A

Ohms law
E= Electromotive force in volts
I= Current in amperes
R= Resistance in ohms

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7
Q

Ohms law Formed the basis of what physiologic equation?

A

BP= COx SVR

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8
Q

SI unit of electric current (flow of charge particles)

A

Ampere (A)

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9
Q

Unit that measures the size of electrical potential

A

(V) Volt

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10
Q

E=IxR

What does each factor in this equation represent

A 
E= electromotive force in volts (V)
I= current in amperes (A)
R= resistance in ohms
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11
Q

Si unit for Electrical energy expended doing work

A

Joules (J)

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12
Q

Electrical power equation

A

P= Ex I

P= electrical power in watts (w)
E= voltage 
I= current
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13
Q

The equivalent of watt/seconds: used in defibrillator

A

Joules

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14
Q

SI unit for electrical power

A

Watts (W)

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15
Q

The amount of electrical work done is measured in….

A

Watts multiplied by unit of time (Ex. kilowatt-hour, watt-seconds or Joules)

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16
Q

Unit of measurement used by electrical utility companies to measure large quantities of electrical energy

A

Kilowatt hour

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17
Q

 The type of current where electrons always flow in the same direction

A

DC (direct current)

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18
Q

The type of current where electron flow reverses at regular intervals

A

AC (alternating current)

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19
Q

The sum of forces that oppose movement in AC circuit

A

Impedance (Z)

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20
Q

Opposes or has high impedance to the flow of electrons

A

Insulator

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21
Q

Permits or has low impedance to the flow of electrons

A

Conductor

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22
Q

The measure of a substances ability to store charge

A

Capacitance

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23
Q

Any two parallel conductors separated by an insulator and has ability to store charges

A

Capacitor

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24
Q

Generation of electromagnetic force in the circuit

A

Inductance

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25
Q

The net affect of inductance is to______ impedance

A

Increase

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26
Q

__________ and __________ dependent on the AC frequency.

A

Capacitance

Inductance

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27
Q

Ohms law is only accurate when applied to _____ circuits

A

DC

28
Q

AC and DC current can be _____ or ______

A

Pulsed

Continuous

29
Q

In DC current ohm measures resistance, while in AC current _____ measures resistance

A

Impedance

30
Q

Defined as the sum of forces that oppose electron movement in the AC circuit including resistance capacitance and inductance

A

Impedance (Z)

31
Q

The three factors that make up impedance

A

Resistance
Capacitance
Inductance

32
Q

Both capacitance and inductance are influenced by the ______

A

Frequency (Hz, cycles per second)

33
Q

Increased AC frequency causes _______ impedance



A

Lower

34
Q

ESU has high frequency currents (0.5 to 2 million Hz) causes marked ______ in impedance

A

Decrease

35
Q

It takes ______ as much DC current than AC current to cause V. Fib. 

A

X3

36
Q

Electrical accidents or shocks occur when a person ________ an electrical circuit 

A

Completes

37
Q

In the United States utility companies supply electrical energy and the form of _____ current of _____ Volts and a frequency of _____ Hz.

A

AC
120
60

38
Q

This term refers to the number of times in one second that AC current reverses its direction of flow

A

Hz

39
Q

What pattern do a voltage and current waveforms make

A

Sinusoidal

40
Q

What are the two mechanisms of damage from contact with electricity

A
  1. Cell function disruption

2. Dissipation of electrical energy throughout the body

41
Q

Name 4 results of electrical cell function disruption?

A

Contract muscles, alter brain function, paralyze respiration, disrupt normal heart function leading to v fib

42
Q

The dissipation of electrical energy throughout the bodies tissues meets resistance and raises the temperature causing _____ 

A

Burns

43
Q

The severity of electrical shock is determined by these two factors

A

Amount of current (number of amperes)

Duration of current flow

44
Q

The two categories of electrical shock are; 

A

Macroshock and microshock

45
Q

This refers to a large amount of current flowing through a person which can cause harm or death

A

Macroshock

46
Q

This refers to a very small amount of current which may cause damage in an electrically susceptible patient

A

Microshock

47
Q

Name the three factors that will affect severity of a shock for a person who completes the circuit 

A

Skin resistance
Duration of contact
Current density

48
Q

Threshold of perception

A

1 mA

49
Q

Accepted as a maximum harmless current intensity

A

5 mA

50
Q

“Let go” current before sustained muscle contraction

A

10-20 mA

51
Q

Pain, possible fainting, mechanical injury; heart and respiratory function continues

A

50 mA

52
Q

Ventricular fibrillation will start but respiratory center intact

A

100-300 mA

53
Q

Sustained myocardial contraction followed by normal heart rhythm; temporary respiratory paralysis; burns of current density is high

A

6,000 mA

54
Q

This amperage can cause ventricular fibrillation in electrically susceptible patients

A

100 micro amps (0.1 mA)

55
Q

Regarding microshock; Recommended maximum 60 Hz leakage current

A

10 micro amps (0.01 mA)

56
Q

Name the two types of electrical power that are supplied—- and which one is likely to be found in OR

A

Grounded or ungrounded

Ungrounded in OR

57
Q

The electrical devices themselves in the OR will always be ________

A

Grounded

58
Q

Electrical power supply can be ______ or _____, while electrical devices power supply can also be ______ or ______.

A

Grounded or ungrounded

Grounded or ungrounded

59
Q

Power delivery in the home is _______, while electrical devices in the home can be grounded or ungrounded 

A

Grounded

60
Q

What percentage of electrical accidents in hospitals occur in the OR

A

40%

61
Q

The ungrounded power system in the OR is safe through the use of ______ 

A

IPS, isolated power system

62
Q

IPS protects from macro shock or microshock?

A

Macroshock

63
Q

In order to be safe, Isolated power systems (IPS) require the use of an _______ _________, which acts as an separator between the primary power supply and the isolated circuit.

A

Isolation Transformer

64
Q

Isolated power systems impose a very ____ impedance to any current flow to ground

A

High

65
Q

P = I^2 x R

What is this equation?

A

Electrical Power Equation

substituting E with the components of the Ohm’s law

AFN Chem & Physics (21 decks)

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