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AFN Chem & Physics > Module 12 Part 2 > Flashcards

Module 12 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The unit used to quantify amount of radiation exposure

A

Roentgen (R)- technically only applies to x rays and gamma rays

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2
Q

Unit used to express the absorbed dose/quantity of energy from radiation absorbed per unit mass

A

Gray (Gy). (Joules per kg)

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3
Q

RAD. Old unit, stands for ….

A

Radiation absorbed dose

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4
Q

SI unit of equivalent dose for a given tissue = (Gy X radiation weight factor (WR))

A

Sievert (Sv)

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5
Q

Roentgen equivalent man

A

(rem) unit dose equivalent in humans

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6
Q

Biological effects of ionizing radiation are ______ to time of exposure

A

Proportional

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7
Q

Radiation exposure is _____ proportional to the square of the distance from the radiation source

A

Inversely

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8
Q

Annual occupational effective dose limit per year

A

5,000 mrem

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9
Q

Cumulative lifetime effective dose limit

A

1,000 mrem/year times age

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10
Q

Embryo or fetus should not exceed this dose per gestational period

A

500 mrem

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11
Q

Exceeding the cumulative lifetime effective dose causes increased risk for what?

A

Cancer

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12
Q

What body parts have lower limits for radiation exposure

A

Lens of the eye and reproductive organs, embryo or fetus

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13
Q

ALARA stands for…..

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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14
Q

ALARA standards

A

Avoid radiation when there is no direct benefit: diagnostic and/or therapeutic

Minimize exposure: use the lowest radiation dose for shortest time to achieve desired result

increased distance from radiation source

maximize use of shielding

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15
Q

Occupational exposure is primarily from this effect of ionizing radiation

A

Scatter off patients

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16
Q

Which Alara principal is the best protection

A

Distance

17
Q

Recommended number of feet a provider should be from the radiation source

A

6 ft

18
Q

Alara time concepts

A

Keep exposure minimum
Exposure is cumulative and permanent
Exposure does decreases as time shortens

19
Q

These three things increase ionizing radiation scatter

A

Increase body weight
Increase thickness and density of body part
X-ray tube and lateral position


20
Q

Ionizing radiation travels in a _______ ______ and is not capable of _______.

A

Straight line

Bending

21
Q

_______ should be placed between provider and radiation source

A

Shielding

22
Q

Radiation Shielding can be provided by….

A

Concrete wall her mobile lead shield or lead apron with thyroid shield and eye protection

23
Q

Lead apron, thyroid shield,

and eye protection reduce occupational exposure by what percent

A

25%

24
Q

Where are dosimetry badge is worn

A

Collar level outside of lead apron

25
Q

The three ALARA tenets;

A

Time
Distance
Shielding

26
Q

Pregnancy recommendation for Lead apron 

A

Wraparound and 1 mm thick at fetal level

27
Q

What should dosimeter at waist level under the lead read (in pregnancy)

A

10% less than collar level badge

28
Q

Some cells that are listed as highly sensitive to radiation…

A

Bone marrow, embryos, male gonads, ovaries, thyroid, parts of the CNS (this list of composed of cells that are replaced very quickly- and opposing- cells that are not frequently replaced)

29
Q

This type of radiation can be blocked by paper, skin, or clothes

A

Alpha

30
Q

These 2 types of radiation can be blocked by aluminum and plastic

A

Beta minus & beta plus (positron)

31
Q

These 2 types of radiation can be blocked only by lead and concrete

A

Gamma & X-ray

32
Q

Alpha decay shielding

A

Paper, skin, clothes

33
Q

Shielding from positron (beta plus) emission

A

Aluminum and plastic

34
Q

Shielding for alpha decay

A

Paper, skin, clothes

35
Q

Shielding from beta minus radiation

A

Aluminum and plastic

36
Q

Shielding from gamma rays

A

Lead and concrete

37
Q

Shielding from x-rays

A

Lead and concrete

AFN Chem & Physics (21 decks)

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