Module 2 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic number

A

amount of protons in an atom

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2
Q

Ions

A

atoms that have gained or lost electrons from their natural composition

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3
Q

Anion

A

Ion that has gained an electron

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4
Q

Cation

A

Ion that has lost an electron

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5
Q

Mass number

A

number of protons + neutrons in an atom

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

atom with different number of neutrons than its natural state

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7
Q

Valence electrons

A

electrons in the outermost shell

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8
Q

Molecular compound

A

bonded atoms of different elements

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9
Q

Covalent bonds

A

when electrons are shared between atoms when bonded

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10
Q

Net charge

A

Protons - electrons

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11
Q

Atomic mass

A

Average of mass numbers within an element’s naturally occurring isotopes

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12
Q

Definitive shape and volume

A

solids

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13
Q

Definitive volume, non-definitive shape

A

liquids

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14
Q

Non-definitive shape or volume

A

gases

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15
Q

Molecule

A

two or more atoms bonded together (can be same element)

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16
Q

Covalent bonds create what type of compound? (ionic or molecular?)

A

Molecular

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17
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Transfer of electrons d/t charge differences

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18
Q

Na+ and CO3^2+ make?

A

Na2CO3

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19
Q

Mg^2+ and PO4^3- make?

A

Mg3(PO4)2

20
Q

Dinitrogen monoxide molecular formula?

A

N2O

21
Q

Carbon tetraoxide molecular formula?

A

CO4

22
Q

Henry’s Law

A

Increased partial pressure = increased gas dissolved in liquid

23
Q

How much O2 dissolved in arterial blood when PaO2 is 300mmHg?

A

0.9mL O2/100mL blood

24
Q

kH of O2?

A

0.003mL O2/100mL blood

25
Q

kH of CO2?

A

0.067mL CO2/100mL blood

26
Q

As temperature increases,

Gas solubility ____

A

decreases

27
Q

As temperature decreases,

Gas solubility ____

A

increases

28
Q

As pressure increases,

Gas solubility ____

A

increases

29
Q

Graham’s Law

A

As molecular weight increases, the rate of gas diffusion decreases

30
Q

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

A

Describes gas diffusion across semipermeable membrane. (combination of Henry and Graham’s Law)

31
Q

As membrane thickness increases,

gas diffusion ______

A

Decreases

32
Q

As membrane area increases,

gas diffusion ____

A

Increases

33
Q

Propofol is in what functional group?

A

Alcohols

34
Q

Sevoflurane is in what functional group?

A

Halogenated ethers

35
Q

Ketamine is in what functional group?

A

Amines

36
Q

Epi is in what functional group?

A

Amines

37
Q

Tetracaine is in what functional group?

A

Esters

38
Q

Chloroprocaine is in what functional group?

A

Esters

39
Q

Dopamine is in what functional group?

A

Amines

40
Q

Cocaine is in what functional group?

A

Esters

41
Q

Lidocaine is in what functional group?

A

Amides

42
Q

Bupivicaine is in what functional group?

A

Amides

43
Q

Molecular compounds are comprised of only ____

A

Nonmetals

44
Q

Do not use nitrous oxide if patient has a suspected _____

A

Pneumothorax

45
Q

The hydrogenation of ______ can be used to convert liquid vegetable oils into solid shortening (crisco)

A

Alkenes

46
Q

______ are one of the main components used to create polymers (plastics)

A

Alkenes

47
Q

Why halogenated ethers vs original ethers?

A

Halogenation partially oxidizes the molecule making it less flammable than normal ethers. Halogenated ethers are also more bioavailable.