Module 7: Pathophysiology and Disease Processes Flashcards
1
Q
pathophysiology
A
study of physical manifestations of illnesses and disease
2
Q
etiology
A
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
3
Q
examples of diagnostic testing
A
- blood work
- urinalysis
- diagnostic imaging
4
Q
diagnostic imaging using radiation
A
- x-rays
- CT
- angiography
- mammography
- nuclear medicine studies
5
Q
diagnostic imaging without using radiation
A
- MRI: electromagnetic field
- ultrasound: sound waves
6
Q
radiolucent
A
- dark on imaging studies
- due to lack of density
7
Q
radiopaque
A
- lighter and brighter on imaging studies
8
Q
contrast material
A
- aids in making structures more radiopaque
- air, barium, gadolinium, iodine
9
Q
nuclear medicine
A
- administering radioactive isotopes that will collect in areas of high metabolic activity
- SPECT scan: assess brain damage after stroke
- PET scan: diagnose brain disorders
- MUGA scan: evaluate condition of heart muscle
10
Q
incidence
A
- occurrence of new diseases or cases
- only new cases
11
Q
prevalence
A
- proportion of population who have a particular disease
- includes all cases
12
Q
risk factors
A
- characteristics that make a person more likely to suffer a disease or injury
- modifiable: diet
- nonmodifiable: family history
13
Q
determinants of health
A
- factors that influence a person’s and population’s health status
- biology and genetics
- behavior
- availability of health resources
- social standards
- policy/lawmaker involvement
14
Q
morbidity
A
- measure of sickness or disease within specific population or area
- can lead to morality
15
Q
mortality
A
- measure of deaths in population or area
16
Q
who tracks morbidity and mortality
A
- CDC
- WHO
17
Q
comorbidities
A
- diseases or conditions in one person at the same time
- often chronic in nature
- obesity, heart disease, diabetes mellitus
18
Q
upstream management
A
- healthcare organizations become more involved in the health of their population
- community outreach programs, education, involvement in community
- increase health and decrease cost
19
Q
endemic
A
- illness constantly present within community
20
Q
epidemic
A
- infectious disease spread rapidly to large number of people
- can turn into pandemic if not controlled
21
Q
pandemic
A
- worldwide outbreak of disease
22
Q
ways to reduce people at risk of infection
A
- vaccines
- cough protocols
- handwashing
23
Q
who monitors disease outbreaks
A
- CDC
- WHO
24
Q
who researches potential causative agents and develops vaccines
A
- WHO
