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Certified Medical Assistant > Module 10: Infection Control > Flashcards

Module 10: Infection Control Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

OSHA

A
  • occupational safety and health administration
  • oversees and regulates worker safety
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2
Q

when did the CDC introduce universal precautions

A
  • 1980s
  • response to HIV and HBV cases growing
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3
Q

standard precautions

A
  • combines universal precautions and body substance isolation
  • requires barriers for all body substances except sweat
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4
Q

chain of infection

A
  • infectious agent
  • reservoir
  • portal of exit
  • mode of transmission
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host
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5
Q

what is a reservoir

A
  • conducive to pathogen survival
  • can be the pt or inanimate object
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6
Q

direct transmission

A
  • contact with infected person or body fluid carrying a pathogen
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7
Q

indirect transmission

A
  • intermediate step between portal of exit and portal of entry
  • fomites or vectors
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8
Q

asepsis

A

being free from infection or infectious material

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9
Q

ways to stop spread of infectious agents

A
  • clean office daily
  • make sick and contagious pts wait in a different area than well-check pts
  • do not allow eating or drinking in pt areas
  • hang reminders on hand hygiene and other prevention methods
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10
Q

medical asepsis

A
  • used daily in every clinical setting
  • removing microorganisms after they leave the body
  • does not eliminate possibility of all pathogen presence
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11
Q

what is the goal of medical asepsis

A
  • reduce number of microorganisms after they leave the body
  • prohibit their growth
  • protect healthcare worker more than pt
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12
Q

examples of medical asepsis

A
  • hand washing
  • using gloves when in contact with body fluids
  • proper cleaning of supplies and work area
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13
Q

surgical asepsis

A
  • removal of all microorganisms
  • must be used during invasive procedures when pt skin or mucous membranes are penetrated
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14
Q

what is the goal of surgical asepsis

A
  • eliminate microorganisms from entering body
  • protects pt more than healthcare worker
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15
Q

examples of surgical asepsis

A
  • sterile gloves
  • antiseptic skin preparation
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16
Q

when should you perform hand hygiene

A
  • before and after pt contact
  • after contact with contaminated surfaces
  • after contact with blood or body fluids
  • before performing an aseptic procedure (blood draw, medication administration)
  • before and after contact with supplies or equipment near pts
  • after contact with contaminated body site
  • after glove removal
17
Q

temp of water for hand washing

A

warm

18
Q

how long should you rub hands together with soap during hand washing

A

20 seconds

19
Q

minimum alcohol content in hand sanitizer you can use

A

60%

20
Q

how long should you rub in hand sanitizer

A

until solution has dried

21
Q

what hand hygiene task should you do if you have visible debris on your hands

A

hand washing

22
Q

sanitization

A
  • first step in assuring equipment is clean
  • reduces number of microbes
  • removing debris with soap and water
  • wear gloves during this
23
Q

ultrasonic sanitization

A
  • delicate instruments
  • sound waves loosen debris
  • reduces risk of sharps exposure
24
Q

disinfection

A
  • destroying pathogens on a surface
  • doesn’t destroy all spores
  • submissions in chemicals
25
Q

common disinfectants

A
  • glutaraldehyde: requires long submersion time
  • 1:10 bleach solution
26
Q

can chemical disinfectants be used on pts

A
  • no
27
Q

sterilization

A
  • destroying pathogens and their spores on inanimate objects
  • dry heat, chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation, steam under pressure
  • necessary for surgical asepsis
28
Q

autoclave

A
  • sterilizes equipment
  • high-pressure saturated steam
29
Q

which piece of equipment has specific techniques to sterilize

A
  • endoscopes
  • normal sterilization will damage the endoscope
30
Q

steps for cleaning endoscopes

A
  • pre-cleaning: wiping with wet cloth and soaking in cleaning solution
  • leak testing: air/pressure/water determines if damage has occurred
  • manual cleaning: manually remove debris with cleaning solution
  • rinse: with clear water
  • high-level disinfection: disinfectant for immersion and flushing of endoscope pieces
  • rinse: no residual chemical disinfectant remains
  • drying: rinse with alcohol and dry with forced air
31
Q

how should you store a clean endoscope

A
  • vertically
  • in clean, dry, dust-free environment
32
Q

SDSs

A
  • safety data sheets
  • documents containing necessary info regarding chemicals in work environment
33
Q

sharps container

A
  • puncture-proof and leak-proof
  • labeled with biohazard symbol
  • disposal of needles, scalpels, other sharp medical instruments
34
Q

biohazard bag

A
  • leak-proof
  • made of impermeable polyethylene or polypropylene material
  • labeled with biohazard symbol
  • for gloves, gauze, bandages, other items without sharp edges
35
Q

when should you dispose of a sharps container

A

when it is 2/3 full

36
Q

when should you use PPE

A

when there is potential exposure to blood or body fluids

37
Q

info on safety data sheet

A
  • identification
  • hazard identification
  • composition/ingredients
  • first-aid measures
  • fire-fighting measures
  • accidental release measures
  • handling and storage
  • exposure controls/personal protection
  • physical and chemical properties
  • stability and reactivity
  • toxicological information

Certified Medical Assistant (40 decks)

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