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Certified Medical Assistant > Module 3: Basic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Module 3: Basic Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

brand name medication

A
  • assigned by medications manufacturer
  • begins with capital letter
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2
Q

generic name medication

A
  • noncommercial
  • less complex than chemical name but more complex than brand name
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3
Q

agit

A

shake, stir

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4
Q

aq

A

water

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5
Q

DAW

A

dispense as written

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6
Q

dil

A

dilute

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7
Q

disp

A

dispense

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8
Q

eq

A

equivalent

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9
Q

ext

A

extract

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10
Q

MDI

A

metered-dose inhaler

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11
Q

MO

A

mineral oil

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12
Q

neb

A

nebulizer

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13
Q

nr

A

no refills

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14
Q

qs

A

sufficient amount

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15
Q

rept

A

repeat

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16
Q

sig

A

write on label

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17
Q

anticholinergics

A

reduce bronchospasm

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18
Q

what created five schedules for controlled substances

A

controlled substance act (CSA)

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19
Q

who designated medications as controlled substances assigned to five schedules

A

US drug enforcement administration (DEA)

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20
Q

Schedule 1

A
  • high potential for abuse
  • no approved medical use
  • illegal, cannot be prescribed
  • heroin, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana
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21
Q

Schedule 2

A
  • high potential for abuse, dangerous
  • can lead to psychological and physical dependence
  • handwritten prescriptions with no refills
  • kept in locked cabinet
  • morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methamphetamine
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22
Q

Schedule 3

A
  • moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence
  • handwritten prescription with 5 refills in 6 months
  • ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone
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23
Q

Schedule 4

A
  • low potential for abuse and dependence
  • signed prescriptions with 5 refills in 6 months
  • staff may authorize refills over the phone
  • diazepam, zolpidem, eszopiclone, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam
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24
Q

Schedule 5

A
  • limited quantities of narcotics
  • usually antidiarrheal, antitussive, analgesic
  • signed prescriptions with 5 refills in 6 months
  • staff may authorize refills over the phone
  • diphenoxylate with atropine, pregabalin, lacosamide, opium/pectin/belladona
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25
Q

therapeutic effects

A
  • good effects
  • closely tied to indications
  • ex: sustained reduction in blood pressure
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26
Q

side effects

A
  • undesirable and unintended actions on the body
  • limit use of medications
  • ex: nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, nasal congestion
27
Q

adverse event

A
  • harmful action
  • prevents further use
  • allergic reaction
  • ex: swelling of face, serious decrease in blood pressure
28
Q

indications

A
  • problem provider prescribes medication for
  • ex: high blood pressure
29
Q

contraindication

A
  • symptoms or condition that makes medication inadvisable or dangerous
  • ex: previous allergic reaction, liver disease for medications toxic to the liver
30
Q

precautions

A
  • problems that pose lesser risk but require close observation and monitoring
31
Q

medication for minor allergic reaction

A

diphenhydramine (antihistamine)

32
Q

medication for serious or anaphylactic reaction

A

epinephrine

33
Q

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) react dangerously with

A
  • foods containing tyramine (avocados, smoked meats, wine, most cheeses)
  • other antidepressants
34
Q

how does grapefruit interact with medications

A
  • interferes with metabolism
  • raises levels of medications causing toxicity
  • dextromethorphan, simvastatin, sildenafil
35
Q

what medications does St. John’s wort interact with

A
  • warfarin and oral contraceptives
  • reduces effectiveness
36
Q

propranolol + albuterol =

A

both medications lose effectiveness

37
Q

aspirin + warfarin =

A

risk of hemorrhage

38
Q

antibiotics + oral contraceptives =

A

oral contraceptives are less effective

39
Q

metric equivalent of 15 drops/15 minims

A

1 mL

40
Q

metric equivalent of 1tsp/1dram

A

5 mL

41
Q

metric equivalent of 1tbsp/4 drams

A

15 mL

42
Q

metric equivalent of 1oz/2tbsp/8drams

A

30 mL

43
Q

metric equivalent of 1cup/8oz

A

240 mL

44
Q

metric equivalent of 1 pint

A

480 mL (~500 mL)

45
Q

metric equivalent of 1 quart

A

960 mL (~1 L)

46
Q

metric equivalent of 1 gallon

A

3830 mL

47
Q

metric equivalent of 2.2 lb

A

1 kg

48
Q

formula method for dosage calculations

A

desired/have x quantity

49
Q

BSA method for pediatric dosage calculations

A

BSA/1.7 x adult dose

50
Q

avoiding errors with look/sound alike medication

A
  • do not use abbreviations for med names
  • “tall man” (mixed case) lettering to emphasize confusing parts: cefoTEtan and cefOXitin
  • change appearance to alert staff
  • create labels with indications
  • store in separate areas
  • alter computer selection to distinguish
51
Q

pharmacokinetics

A
  • study of how medications move through body
  • absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
52
Q

absorption

A
  • body converts medication into usable form
  • moves into bloodstream
53
Q

factors affecting absorption speed

A
  • route: IV = quick onset
  • fat solubility: highly fat soluble = pass easily into blood
  • surface area for absorption: stomach is smaller than intestines = intestines absorb faster
54
Q

distribution

A
  • transportation to sites of action
55
Q

blood-brain barrier

A
  • barrier to distribution
  • protects brain from dangerous chemicals
  • makes it hard to get therapeutic substances to brain
56
Q

why are many medications risky for pregnant women to take

A

they pass the placental barrier easily

57
Q

metabolism

A
  • changes active forms of medication into metabolites ready for excretion
  • liver is primary organ
  • kidney also metabolize
58
Q

factors affecting metabolism

A
  • age (infants and older adults have least effective metabolism)
  • how many medications you take
  • health of various organs and tissues
  • genetic makeup
59
Q

excretion

A
  • removal of medications metabolites from body
  • urine, feces, saliva, bile, sweat, breast milk, exhaled air
  • half life: time to eliminate half a dose of medication
60
Q

why is a medication half life important

A
  • determines dosing intervals
  • keeping medication in therapeutic range
61
Q

rights of medication administration

A
  • right pt: 2 identifiers
  • right medication: taking out, preparing to administer, putting container away
  • right dose: check calculations
  • right route
  • right time: food requirements
  • right assessment: allergies, medical history
  • right to refuse: never coerce pt
  • right technique
  • right documentation: after pt receives medication
  • right reason: inform why provider prescribed
  • right to know: follow up education
  • right evaluation: observe for side effects/reaction
62
Q

physicians desk reference

A
  • new edition each year
  • current and detailed info about medications
63
Q

what does proper documentation of medication administration include

A
  • date
  • time
  • quantity
  • medication
  • strength
  • lot number
  • manufacturer
  • expiration date
  • patient outcome

Certified Medical Assistant (40 decks)

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