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Certified Medical Assistant > Module 5: Psychology > Flashcards

Module 5: Psychology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

psychology

A

study of mind and behavior

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2
Q

psychologist

A
  • evaluates behavior
  • practices individual, group, and family therapy
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3
Q

psychiatrist

A
  • assesses behavior
  • conducts and prescribes interventions
  • provides ongoing therapy
  • prescribes medications
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4
Q

growth

A
  • physical
  • infant to adult
  • physiological changes that occur as people age
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5
Q

development

A
  • physiological, emotional, mental, social, interactive, spiritual, and physical changes
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6
Q

Erikson’s stages of development

A
  • eight stages
  • psychosocial challenges faced at different life stages
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7
Q

trust vs. mistrust

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • infants
  • form attachment and trust with caregiver
  • trust own body
  • achieving results in self-confidence and optimism
  • not achieving results in suspiciousness and struggles with relationships
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8
Q

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • toddlers
  • develop independence and self-control
  • acquire language skills
  • achieving results in self-control and voluntary delay of gratification
  • not achieving results in anger, lack of confidence, no pride
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9
Q

initiative vs. guilt

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • preschoolers
  • looking for new experiences
  • hesitate when reprimanded
  • active imagination and curious
  • some guilt for actions is part of natural development of moral judgment
  • achieving results in assertiveness, dependability, creativity, and personal achievement
  • not achieving results in inadequacy, guilt, belief that they deserve punishment
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10
Q

industry vs. inferiority

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • school-age children
  • need recognition for achievements
  • achieving results in competence, self-satisfaction, trustworthiness, increased participation, responsibility
  • not achieving results in inadequacy, inability to compromise and cooperate
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11
Q

identity vs. role confusion

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • adolescents
  • figuring out where they fit in and what direction life should take
  • achieving results in emotional stability, ability to form committed relationships, sounds-decision making
  • not achieving results in lack of personal goals, rebelliousness, self-consciousness, lack of self-confidence
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12
Q

intimacy vs. isolation

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • young adults
  • think about partnership, marriage, family, career
  • achieving results in self-respect, intimacy, commitment to others and a career
  • not achieving results in social isolation, job changes, lack of productivity, inability to form long-term relationships
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13
Q

generativity vs. stagnation

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • middle adults
  • continue raising children
  • want to mold future generations
  • involve themselves in teaching, coaching, social activism in the community
  • achieving results in professional and personal achievements, active participation in the community
  • not achieving results in self-preoccupation without capacity to give and share with others
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14
Q

ego integrity vs. despair

A
  • Erikson’s stage of development
  • older adults
  • retire, volunteer to feel useful, health problems
  • achieving results in wisdom, self-acceptance, sense of self-worth
  • not achieving results in worthlessness, helplessness, depression, anger, inability to accept death
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15
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  • individuals have needs ranging from basic to complex
  • pyramid
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16
Q

physiological needs

A
  • 1st step of Maslow’s hierarchy
  • needs to sustain life
  • food, air, water, homeostasis, reproduction, rest, physical activity
  • all individuals with illness are at this step
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17
Q

safety and security

A
  • 2nd step of Maslow’s hierarchy
  • feeling emotionally and physically safe in environment
  • health, employment, property, family
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18
Q

love and belonging

A
  • 3rd step of Maslow’s hierarchy
  • meaningful relationships
  • friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection
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19
Q

self-esteem

A
  • 4th step of Maslow’s hierarchy
  • recognizing accomplishments
  • confidence, achievement, respect for others, need to be a unique individual
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20
Q

self-actualization

A
  • 5th and final step of Maslow’s hierarchy
  • full potential as a human being
  • morality, spontaneity, creativity, acceptance, experience, purpose, meaning, inner potential
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21
Q

Kubler Ross stages of grief

A
  • result of experience working with dying patients
  • not everyone grieves in the same way
  • some may skip stages or be in multiple at once
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22
Q

denial

A
  • 1st stage of grief
  • cannot or will not believe loss has happened
  • support patient, give information about disease and treatment
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23
Q

anger

A
  • 2nd stage of grief
  • aim feelings of hostility toward others
  • don’t take anger personally, explain anger is normal
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24
Q

bargaining

A
  • 3rd stage of grief
  • attempts to avoid loss by making a deal
  • search for alternative solutions
  • hoping for a previous life
  • listen with attention, encourage patient to express feelings
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25
Q

depression (grief)

A
  • 4th stage of grief
  • reality sets in
  • feeling sad, lonely, helpless
  • don’t pressure to share feelings, support, support groups or counseling
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26
Q

acceptance

A
  • 5th stage of grief
  • comes to terms with loss
  • makes plans for moving on
  • offer encouragement, support, and additional education
27
Q

office accommodations for disabilities

A
  • wheelchair space/access
  • no tripping hazards
  • rubber sills in doorways
  • Braille and large print for those with vision loss
  • speak clearly and in patient’s line of sight for those with hearing loss, offer sign language interpreter
28
Q

first step when working with patients who have mental and emotional challenges

A

determine how they communicate and what level of communication they can understand

29
Q

stressor

A

anything that causes anxiety or stress

30
Q

white coat syndrome

A
  • coming to healthcare facility causes tress
  • increased blood pressure
31
Q

environmental stressors

A
  • things in environment: air pollution, UV rays, overcrowding, language/culture barriers, discrimination
  • events in environment: death, theft, vandalism, car crash, assault, job/school problems
  • major disasters: fires, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, war
32
Q

socioeconomic stressors

A
  • financial situations
  • changes in economy
  • lack of job security
  • loss of home or vehicle
  • minimal health insurance
33
Q

PTSD

A

causes anxiety, insomnia, anger, loss of interest in daily activities, and flashbacks to traumatizing event

34
Q

depression

A
  • inadequate stress management
  • sad, hopeless, helpless, little interest in life, indecisive, fatigue, weight changes, withdrawal, self-harm
  • natural response to loss or trauma
  • long-lasting needs treatment by counseling, medication, other therapies
35
Q

anxiety

A
  • inadequate stress management
  • feeling of apprehension, dread, uneasiness, or uncertainty as a result of a real or perceived threat
  • normal response to stressful life events, can be helpful in keeping a person’s focus on something important
  • restlessness, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping, loss of focus, pulse and breathing rate increases, sweating, nausea
  • may progress to panic: losing touch with reality, cannot function
36
Q

when working with patients with depression or anxiety

A
  • remain calm, focus on patient
  • ensure patient safety, provide basic needs
  • provide quiet environment
  • avoid lots of questions
37
Q

critical factor that provides a clue to how a patient will respond to stress

A

self-esteem

38
Q

Mini-Mental State Exam

A
  • 5-minute test
  • evaluate mental functioning
  • 5 areas: orientation, registration, attention/ calculation, recall, language
39
Q

orientation: mini-mental state exam

A
  • ask pt the date or season and where present location is
40
Q

registration: mini-mental state exam

A
  • name three unrelated objects and asks pt to repeat them
41
Q

attention and calculation: mini-mental state exam

A
  • ask pt to begin at 100 and count backward by 7, five times
42
Q

recall: mini-mental state exam

A
  • ask pt to name the three objects from registration step
43
Q

language: mini-mental state exam

A
  • name object pointed to
  • repeat a statement
  • follow three stage command
  • read direction and follow it
  • write a sentence of pts choosing
  • copy a design
44
Q

defense mechanism

A
  • a strategy used to protect self from negative emotions
  • generally unaware that they are using these responses
  • used in negative or positive way
45
Q

apathy

A
  • indifference
  • lack of interest, feeling, concern, emotion
46
Q

compensation

A
  • method of balancing failure with accomplishment
47
Q

conversion

A
  • transformation of anxiety into physical symptoms
48
Q

denial

A
  • avoidance of unpleasant or anxiety-provoking situations by rejecting or ignoring them
49
Q

displacement

A
  • redirection of emotions away from original subject onto a less threatening subject
50
Q

dissociation

A
  • disconnection of emotional importance from ideas or events and compartmentalizing those emotions into different parts fo awareness
51
Q

identification

A
  • attributing characteristics of someone else to oneself
52
Q

intellectualization

A
  • analysis of the situation with facts and no emotions
53
Q

introjection

A
  • adoption of thoughts and feelings of others
54
Q

physical avoidance

A
  • keeping away from person or place that evokes unpleasant memories
55
Q

projection

A
  • transferring unpleasant ideas and emotions onto someone else
56
Q

rationalization

A
  • explanation that makes something negative seem justifiable
57
Q

reaction formation

A
  • belief in and expression of the opposite of one’s true feelings
58
Q

regression

A
  • reverting to more childlike behavior
59
Q

repression

A
  • elimination of unpleasant emotions, desires, or problems from the conscious mind
60
Q

sarcasm

A
  • use of words that have the opposite meaning
  • to be funny, insulting, or irritating
61
Q

sublimation

A
  • rechanneling unacceptable urges or drives into something constructive or acceptable
62
Q

suppression

A
  • voluntary blocking of unpleasant experience from one’s awareness
63
Q

undoing

A
  • canceling out an unacceptable behavior with a symbolic gesture
64
Q

verbal aggression

A
  • verbal attack on person without addressing the original intent of the conversation

Certified Medical Assistant (40 decks)

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