Module 5: Psychology Flashcards
1
Q
psychology
A
study of mind and behavior
2
Q
psychologist
A
- evaluates behavior
- practices individual, group, and family therapy
3
Q
psychiatrist
A
- assesses behavior
- conducts and prescribes interventions
- provides ongoing therapy
- prescribes medications
4
Q
growth
A
- physical
- infant to adult
- physiological changes that occur as people age
5
Q
development
A
- physiological, emotional, mental, social, interactive, spiritual, and physical changes
6
Q
Erikson’s stages of development
A
- eight stages
- psychosocial challenges faced at different life stages
7
Q
trust vs. mistrust
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- infants
- form attachment and trust with caregiver
- trust own body
- achieving results in self-confidence and optimism
- not achieving results in suspiciousness and struggles with relationships
8
Q
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- toddlers
- develop independence and self-control
- acquire language skills
- achieving results in self-control and voluntary delay of gratification
- not achieving results in anger, lack of confidence, no pride
9
Q
initiative vs. guilt
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- preschoolers
- looking for new experiences
- hesitate when reprimanded
- active imagination and curious
- some guilt for actions is part of natural development of moral judgment
- achieving results in assertiveness, dependability, creativity, and personal achievement
- not achieving results in inadequacy, guilt, belief that they deserve punishment
10
Q
industry vs. inferiority
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- school-age children
- need recognition for achievements
- achieving results in competence, self-satisfaction, trustworthiness, increased participation, responsibility
- not achieving results in inadequacy, inability to compromise and cooperate
11
Q
identity vs. role confusion
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- adolescents
- figuring out where they fit in and what direction life should take
- achieving results in emotional stability, ability to form committed relationships, sounds-decision making
- not achieving results in lack of personal goals, rebelliousness, self-consciousness, lack of self-confidence
12
Q
intimacy vs. isolation
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- young adults
- think about partnership, marriage, family, career
- achieving results in self-respect, intimacy, commitment to others and a career
- not achieving results in social isolation, job changes, lack of productivity, inability to form long-term relationships
13
Q
generativity vs. stagnation
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- middle adults
- continue raising children
- want to mold future generations
- involve themselves in teaching, coaching, social activism in the community
- achieving results in professional and personal achievements, active participation in the community
- not achieving results in self-preoccupation without capacity to give and share with others
14
Q
ego integrity vs. despair
A
- Erikson’s stage of development
- older adults
- retire, volunteer to feel useful, health problems
- achieving results in wisdom, self-acceptance, sense of self-worth
- not achieving results in worthlessness, helplessness, depression, anger, inability to accept death
15
Q
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
A
- individuals have needs ranging from basic to complex
- pyramid
16
Q
physiological needs
A
- 1st step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- needs to sustain life
- food, air, water, homeostasis, reproduction, rest, physical activity
- all individuals with illness are at this step
17
Q
safety and security
A
- 2nd step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- feeling emotionally and physically safe in environment
- health, employment, property, family
18
Q
love and belonging
A
- 3rd step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- meaningful relationships
- friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection
19
Q
self-esteem
A
- 4th step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- recognizing accomplishments
- confidence, achievement, respect for others, need to be a unique individual
20
Q
self-actualization
A
- 5th and final step of Maslow’s hierarchy
- full potential as a human being
- morality, spontaneity, creativity, acceptance, experience, purpose, meaning, inner potential
21
Q
Kubler Ross stages of grief
A
- result of experience working with dying patients
- not everyone grieves in the same way
- some may skip stages or be in multiple at once
22
Q
denial
A
- 1st stage of grief
- cannot or will not believe loss has happened
- support patient, give information about disease and treatment
23
Q
anger
A
- 2nd stage of grief
- aim feelings of hostility toward others
- don’t take anger personally, explain anger is normal
24
Q
bargaining
A
- 3rd stage of grief
- attempts to avoid loss by making a deal
- search for alternative solutions
- hoping for a previous life
- listen with attention, encourage patient to express feelings
25
Q
depression (grief)
A
- 4th stage of grief
- reality sets in
- feeling sad, lonely, helpless
- don’t pressure to share feelings, support, support groups or counseling
26
Q
acceptance
A
- 5th stage of grief
- comes to terms with loss
- makes plans for moving on
- offer encouragement, support, and additional education
27
Q
office accommodations for disabilities
A
- wheelchair space/access
- no tripping hazards
- rubber sills in doorways
- Braille and large print for those with vision loss
- speak clearly and in patient’s line of sight for those with hearing loss, offer sign language interpreter
28
Q
first step when working with patients who have mental and emotional challenges
A
determine how they communicate and what level of communication they can understand
29
Q
stressor
A
anything that causes anxiety or stress
30
Q
white coat syndrome
A
- coming to healthcare facility causes tress
- increased blood pressure
31
Q
environmental stressors
A
- things in environment: air pollution, UV rays, overcrowding, language/culture barriers, discrimination
- events in environment: death, theft, vandalism, car crash, assault, job/school problems
- major disasters: fires, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, war
32
Q
socioeconomic stressors
A
- financial situations
- changes in economy
- lack of job security
- loss of home or vehicle
- minimal health insurance
33
Q
PTSD
A
causes anxiety, insomnia, anger, loss of interest in daily activities, and flashbacks to traumatizing event
34
Q
depression
A
- inadequate stress management
- sad, hopeless, helpless, little interest in life, indecisive, fatigue, weight changes, withdrawal, self-harm
- natural response to loss or trauma
- long-lasting needs treatment by counseling, medication, other therapies
35
Q
anxiety
A
- inadequate stress management
- feeling of apprehension, dread, uneasiness, or uncertainty as a result of a real or perceived threat
- normal response to stressful life events, can be helpful in keeping a person’s focus on something important
- restlessness, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping, loss of focus, pulse and breathing rate increases, sweating, nausea
- may progress to panic: losing touch with reality, cannot function
36
Q
when working with patients with depression or anxiety
A
- remain calm, focus on patient
- ensure patient safety, provide basic needs
- provide quiet environment
- avoid lots of questions
37
Q
critical factor that provides a clue to how a patient will respond to stress
A
self-esteem
38
Q
Mini-Mental State Exam
A
- 5-minute test
- evaluate mental functioning
- 5 areas: orientation, registration, attention/ calculation, recall, language
39
Q
orientation: mini-mental state exam
A
- ask pt the date or season and where present location is
40
Q
registration: mini-mental state exam
A
- name three unrelated objects and asks pt to repeat them
41
Q
attention and calculation: mini-mental state exam
A
- ask pt to begin at 100 and count backward by 7, five times
42
Q
recall: mini-mental state exam
A
- ask pt to name the three objects from registration step
43
Q
language: mini-mental state exam
A
- name object pointed to
- repeat a statement
- follow three stage command
- read direction and follow it
- write a sentence of pts choosing
- copy a design
44
Q
defense mechanism
A
- a strategy used to protect self from negative emotions
- generally unaware that they are using these responses
- used in negative or positive way
45
Q
apathy
A
- indifference
- lack of interest, feeling, concern, emotion
46
Q
compensation
A
- method of balancing failure with accomplishment
47
Q
conversion
A
- transformation of anxiety into physical symptoms
48
Q
denial
A
- avoidance of unpleasant or anxiety-provoking situations by rejecting or ignoring them
49
Q
displacement
A
- redirection of emotions away from original subject onto a less threatening subject
50
Q
dissociation
A
- disconnection of emotional importance from ideas or events and compartmentalizing those emotions into different parts fo awareness
51
Q
identification
A
- attributing characteristics of someone else to oneself
52
Q
intellectualization
A
- analysis of the situation with facts and no emotions
53
Q
introjection
A
- adoption of thoughts and feelings of others
54
Q
physical avoidance
A
- keeping away from person or place that evokes unpleasant memories
55
Q
projection
A
- transferring unpleasant ideas and emotions onto someone else
56
Q
rationalization
A
- explanation that makes something negative seem justifiable
57
Q
reaction formation
A
- belief in and expression of the opposite of one’s true feelings
58
Q
regression
A
- reverting to more childlike behavior
59
Q
repression
A
- elimination of unpleasant emotions, desires, or problems from the conscious mind
60
Q
sarcasm
A
- use of words that have the opposite meaning
- to be funny, insulting, or irritating
61
Q
sublimation
A
- rechanneling unacceptable urges or drives into something constructive or acceptable
62
Q
suppression
A
- voluntary blocking of unpleasant experience from one’s awareness
63
Q
undoing
A
- canceling out an unacceptable behavior with a symbolic gesture
64
Q
verbal aggression
A
- verbal attack on person without addressing the original intent of the conversation
