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LMS Modules Auraprep > Module 4: Vital Signs > Flashcards

Module 4: Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Vital Signs are part of which component:
1. scene size up
2. primary assessment
3. secondary assessment
4. reassessment

A

3 secondary assessment

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2
Q

What are the five components of a scene size up?

A
  1. BSI
  2. Is the scene safe?
  3. How many PTs are there?
  4. What is the MOI/NOI?
  5. Additional resources?
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3
Q

Name some examples of additional resources

A

ALS, Backup like PD

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4
Q

What are the basic steps of primary assessment?

A
  1. Airway
  2. Breathing
  3. Circulation
  4. Decision
  5. Report
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5
Q

What are the components of secondary assessment?

A

Past medical history
Vital Signs!!
Physical Exam
Medical: examine body systems
Trauma: Look for injuries
Treatments

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6
Q

What occurs during ongoing assessment?

A

State how often you would reassess
Give a final Hand-Off

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7
Q

What are baseline vital signs?

A

first set of vitals the EMT obtains
can compare to future vitals

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8
Q

Vital Signs always include:

A

BERPS(P)
BP
Eyes
Respirations
Pulse
Skin (CTC)
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)

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9
Q

Describe a normal BGLs and indicators it should be take

A

Normal: 80-120 mg/dL
Indications: altered mental status, diabetic Pts having symptoms (ex. dizziness, sweating, nausea, headaches)

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10
Q

What patients should have BGL assessed?

A

drunk people, people with seizures

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11
Q

What is a normal Pulse ox? What should be noted before taking it?

A

Normal: 94% and above

Caution:
nail polish
pt is cold
pt has resp. disease
CO poisoning

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12
Q

Should you take pulse ox if CO poisoning is suspected?

A

No, inaccurate reading

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13
Q

Describe how the rate, quality, and rhythm of respiration should be noted?

A

Rate: Number breaths per minute (30 seconds x2)
Quality: Character of breathing: Shallow, normal effort, labored
Rhythm: regular or irregular
ex. pt is breathing 18 times a minute, normal effort and regular

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14
Q

What are the normal respiratory rates for
adults
children
infants

A

adults: 12-20
children: 15-30
Infants: 25-30

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15
Q

When should you consider a BVM?

A

if adult resps <8 or >24
Rate not necessarily only indicator, if done with irregular/shallow effort

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16
Q

Which pulse should be used if
unconscious
conscious

A

unconscious: carotid
conscious: radial

17
Q

Where should pulse be taken for pts under 1 years old?

A

brachial artery (upper arm)

18
Q

How should rate, rhythm, and quality of pulse be noted?

A

rate: number of beats per minute (30 seconds x2)
rhythm: regular or irregular
quality: weak-strong
if heart rate is irregular, EMT must count for one full minute

19
Q

What is the normal range for pulse rate:
adults
children
infants

A

Adults: 60 to 100
Children: 70 to 150
Infants: 100 to 160

20
Q

How should color, temperature, and moisture of skin be noted? (ctc)

A

Color: pink, pallor, cyanosis, flushed, or jaundice
Temperature: cool, warm, hot
moisture: dry, moist (diaphoretic)

21
Q

Where should skin color be checked on darker skin colors?

A

Inside of lip

22
Q

What sort of patient should you test capillary refill on? When should blood return?

A

Children below the ago of five, NOT reliable in adults
Blood should return in less than 2 seconds

23
Q

How is capillary refill documented?

A

CRT and time
ex. CRT, two seconds

24
Q

Compare the two ways to obtain BP

A
  1. Auscultation (preferred)
    -BP Cuff
    -Stethoscope
    -Will obtain systolic and diastolic
  2. Palpation
    -BP Cuff
    -EMT Fingers
    -ONLY Obtains systolic
25
Q

What is systolic BP?

A

Pressure during heart’s contraction, amount of force against the arteries

26
Q

What is diastolic BP?

A

Pressure during relaxing phase of heart’s cycle. Residual pressure remaining in arteries while heart is filling

27
Q

What is the first step when finding BP?

A

Find brachial artery, make sure arm is straight, on pinky side of arm

28
Q

What is the second step when finding BP?

A

Wrap cuff with enough space for stethoscope

29
Q

What is the third step when finding BP?

A

With stethoscope over brachial, begin to inflate cuff to about 180 to 200, deflate SLOWLY

30
Q

What is the fourth step when finding BP?

A

Watch the gauge
When you hear the first strong heartbeat, this is the SYSTOLIC
When you hear the last heartbeat, this is DIASTOLIC

31
Q

When should auscultation be used?

A

When it is too loud or difficult to find

32
Q

Describe process of palpating to find systolic BP

A
  1. Locate radial
  2. Wrap cuff around arm
  3. Inflate cuff to 200
  4. Slowly deflate
  5. Note number when pulse returns
33
Q

Name the three things you need to have a good BP

A
  1. Pump (heart)
  2. Fluid (blood)
  3. Pipes (blood vessels)
34
Q

A drop in BP may indicate:

A

loss of blood
loss of vascular tone
cardiac pumping problem

35
Q

What occurs when normal pupils are shined w light?

A

Gets smaller faster and go back to normal size

36
Q

What is PERL?

A

Pupils are Equal and Reactive to Light

37
Q

A heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in an adult patient is called

A

tachycardia

LMS Modules Auraprep (36 decks)

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