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LMS Modules Auraprep > Module 26: OBGYN emergencies > Flashcards

Module 26: OBGYN emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

The superior portion of the birth canal is

A

the cervix

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2
Q

Fertilization occurs in ____

A

the fallopian tubes

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3
Q

When the placenta is at the top of the uterus, it is called

A

the fundal position

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4
Q

Cephalic deliveries are…

A

when baby’s head is downward

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5
Q

The two umbilical arteries are carrying _____ blood away from the baby to the placenta, the and the umbilical vein is carry ______ blood from the placenta to the baby

A

deoxygenated
oxygenated

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6
Q

Describe the typical respiratory changes during pregnancy

A

increased
obstructed by baby

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7
Q

Describe the typical cardiovascular changes during pregnancy

A

increased blood volume
increased heart rate

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8
Q

Describe the typical musculoskeletal changes during pregnancy

A

relaxed joints
center of gravity off

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9
Q

What occurs during the first stage of birth?

A

Contractions begin
Dilation of cervix

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10
Q

Describe the second stage of birth

A

Baby moves into birth canal
delivery

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11
Q

Describe the third stage of birth

A

placenta is delivered

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12
Q

Describe differences in contractions in Braxton Hicks v Labor

A

Braxton: irregular, intensity/strength not consistent

Labor: regular, increasing intensity of pain

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13
Q

What does primigravida mean?

A

First pregnancy

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14
Q

Name the stage:
the baby starts to move into the birth canal, with consistent and regular contractions

A

first stage

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15
Q

Which is the longest stage of birth?

A

first

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16
Q

How can an EMT help to prevent perineal tearing?

A

Putting pressure on perineum

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17
Q

Name the stage: Placenta is being delivered

A

third

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18
Q

Childbearing age begins at ______

A

menarchy

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19
Q

Compare abruption placenta and placenta previa

A

Both present in later stages and both cause bleeding due to premature separation of placenta from uterine wall

in AP: Placenta in fundal position, painful

in PP: placenta not in correct position, painless

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20
Q

Can you deliver a baby when the pregnant patient has placenta previa?

A

No, the placenta is blocking the baby from leaving

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21
Q

What is preeclampsia? Describe the signs and symptoms

A

pregnancy induced hypertension
can develop after 30th week of gestation

headache, seeing spots, swelling in hands/feet, anxiety, high BP

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22
Q

What is eclampsia? How should it be treated?

A

Seizures in the presence of hypertension

treat like any other pt with the exception of laying on left hand side to prevent supine hypotensive syndrome, possibly place NPA

23
Q

Where should the lap belt be for pregnant women in motor vehicles?

A

Under belly/across hips

24
Q

Why might a pregnant woman not show signs of shock shortly after being stabbed?

A

Their bodies are preparing to bleed throughout pregnancy, however they may quickly dive into shock after a certain amount of blood is lost

25
Q

Cardiac arrest care for a pregnant woman is the same except for _____

A

notifying the hospital

26
Q

How are preeclampsia and eclampsia typically treated in hospital?

A

magnesium

27
Q

Describe what sort of information should be gathered during obstetric history taking

A

expected due date
any complications
if she is receiving prenatal care
medical history
if her water has broken, ask whether the fluid was green (Meconium)

28
Q

TorF: a primigravida delivery will take less time than a multigravida

A

False

29
Q

Describe the general steps of preparing for delivery

A
  1. Lift hips up 2-4”
  2. Drape w sheets and towels both under mom and on (preferably in ambulance)
  3. Support head and neck of mom
  4. choose area to put newborn after delivery
30
Q

If bulging is occurring in perineum, EMT should…

A

Put pressure against perineum and block with towel
Put hand on head to guide baby out so they don’t pop out

31
Q

What is a nuchal cord? What should EMT do to manage it?

A

Cord wrapped around neck
first try to loosen it around neck rather than cut, as baby is still receiving nutrients
If above doesn’t work, clamp two sides of cord and cut.

32
Q

When the shoulders and head start to rotate, what should be done?

A

DO NOT PULL
Guide baby in downward position
Put mom in supine position and bring knees to chest to avoid hitting pubic bone

33
Q

The neonate should be held at level of _____ until cord is cut

A

mom’s vagina

34
Q

How do you stimulate breathing in neonates?

A

Flick feet, rub chest

35
Q

Describe where an EMT should clamp/cut the cord

A

clamp–> First: 8-10” from baby
then 3” from first
Cut with sterile shears

36
Q

An EMT can help slow bleeding post birth by …

A

massaging the uterus by cupping fundus with one hand and massaging with the other. Place obstetrics pad outside of vagina

37
Q

When should APGAR score be assessed?

A

one and five minutes after birth

38
Q

APGAR is scored through five categories, which are…

A

appearance
pulse
grimace/irritability
activity/muscle tone
respiration

39
Q

Describe what should be done during a breach delivery

A

support until back appears
grab iliac wings of baby and move downward
find path of least resistance

40
Q

Describe what should be done for limb presentation

A

will not deliver in field
rapid transport-NOTIFY
cover limb
provide comfort for mother and oxygen

41
Q

Describe what should be done if there is a prolapsed umbilical cord

A

elevate hips
knee-chest position
insert gloved finger into vagina to keep head of infant off cord
keep cord moist with a sterile dressing, do not attempt to push back into vagina

42
Q

What should be done if a neonate has spina bifida?

A

cover bifida with sterile dressing (can consider occlusive dressing), keep warm and transport

43
Q

In case of spontaneous abortion, what should EMT do with tissue? How should pt be treated?

A

collect tissue and bring to hospital
treat w shock protocol (O2, position of comfort, temp control) use pad to manage bleeding

44
Q

What is fetal demise?

A

When a baby is obviously dead, due to indicators like skin slothing, abnormality in head, foul smell
Do not attempt resuscitation

45
Q

Describe appearance of premature infant

A

smaller, thinner, and head is proportionately larger
vernix (coating on infant) will be missing/minimal
less body hair

46
Q

describe newborn resuscitation if
respirations >30 OR HR 60-100

A

ventilate 40-60 breaths/minute

47
Q

describe newborn resuscitation if
HR >60

A

CPR
ratio of three compressions to one breath (3:1)

48
Q

An infants heartrate should be in the

A

150s-160s

49
Q

You can monitor the HR of an infant by…

A

looking at pulse rate of umbilical cord

50
Q

for neonate resuscitation, the depth of compression should be ___ depth of chest. While keeping airway open, EMT should also keep one hand ….

A

1/3
keep one hand on baby’s head to stabilize

51
Q

The leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy is:
massive brain damage secondary to status epilepticus
urecognized or untreated hypotensive syndrome
blunt trauma to abdomen after motor vehicle crash
internal bleeding caused by a ruptured ectopic pregnancy

A

internal bleeding caused by a ruptured ectopic pregnancy

52
Q

TorF: the placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus

A

True

53
Q

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include
dysuria and constipation
dyspnea and bradycardia
marked hypoglycemia
headache and edema

A

headache and edema

LMS Modules Auraprep (36 decks)

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