Module 25: Orthopedic Trauma Flashcards
Name the five types of orthopedic trauma
Open and closed fractures
dislocations
amputations
pathologic
sprains/strains
What is the difference between fixation and traction splinting?
Fixation: Facilitates movement and prevents any further injury. Ties something stable to side of injury. Most of the time we are splinting by fixation
Traction: A pulling force. ONLY used for mid shaft isolated femur fractures
what is false movement?
Movement at point where there is no joint
EMTs should splint when they see ___, ___, ___, ____, or ______, to an injured area
pain swelling crepitation bruising or deformities
Splinting prevents….
further damage from occurring
reduction in swelling
reduction in pain
What is a dislocation?
a joint out of place
Dislocations are usually in ___
ball and socket joints, like the shoulders and hips
also occasionally hinge joints, like elbows and knees
Compare greenstick, non-displaced, and displaced fxs
Greenstick: occurs mostly in children, bone bends before it breaks
Non-Displaced: Bones have not moved out of their position
displaced: Bones have moved out of their position
Name and define the four classifications of fractures
Transverse: Straight across
Oblique: Angular
Spiral: Twist and snap
Comminuted: Web-like
Compare a sprain to strain
Sprain: ligament, muscle to bone
Strain: tendon, muscle to muscle
What is the recipe for splinting?
- expose injured area and hold manual stabilization
- assess distal PMS
- measure and apply a splint
- reassess PMS
- Apply a cold pack
- transport decision
Twisting force typically results in ____ fx
High energy/crushing force typically results in ___fx
Spiral
Communited.
The shoulder girdle consists of the ___, ____, and ____
clavicle, humerus, scapula
The humerus is called the ____ while the radius and ulna are called the ___
arm
forearm
What is position of function?
Position phalanges should be put in during splinting. Roll of gauze under palm that allows them to curve
When can you pull long bones?
If there’s no pulse, or severely angulated
When can you pull joints?
If there’s no pulse
The feet should be kept ____ and the hips should be _____ for hip injuries
shoulder width apart
abducted
What stretcher should be used for pts with a hip injury?
scoop stretcher
What should you be looking for before using a traction splint?
isolated (no other fx)
mid shaft femur (cannot be proximal)
closed
We splint joints how we find them unless…
there is no distal pulse
Describe the general treatment for the following fx
pelvis
hip/proximal femur
mid-shaft femur
knee/patella
tibia/fibula
ankle/foot
pelvis: pelvic sling
hip/proximal femur: blanket roll
mid-shaft femur: traction splint
knee/patella: splint/relocation
tibia/fibula: splint
ankle/foot: pillow splint
How should an amputated part be transported to hospital?
Wrap amputated part is saline moist bag
take first bag and place into second bag of ice
How is compartment syndrome characterized (the five P’s)?
- pain out of proportion to injury
- palllor
- decreased sensation (paresthesia)
- Decreased power
- pulselessness
The following items should be used for a suspected fracture to a forearm
rolling gauze
cold pack
sling
swathe
padded board
all of the above
A 18-year-old hockey player has fallen in the ice and has a deformity to his left elbow. He has a present radial pulse and is able to move all his fingers, but he states he has lost feeling in his thumb, pointer and middle fingers. You should:
splint in position found
You and your partner respond to a 86-year-old female in her kitchen who states she slipped. She denies a loss of consciousness and is complaining of extreme pain in the area of her left greater trochanter.
blanket roll
