Module 11: respiratory emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Inhaled air contains __% oxygen and exhaled oxygen air ____% oxygen

A

21, 16

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2
Q

How much oxygen does the body use?

A

5%

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3
Q

What would happen in the right side of the heart failed and can no longer effectively pump blood?

A

Fluid buildup, also known as edema

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4
Q

What would happen in the left side of the heart failed and can no longer effectively pump blood?

A

Fluid would begin to accumulate in the alveoli, also known as acute pulmonary edema, or APE

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5
Q

What disease is APE usually the result of? What sort of lung sounds can be heard?

A

congestive heart failure
Crackles (RALES)

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6
Q

Name the two disease components of COPD and the impact of this disease

A

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Impact is dilation/disruption of bronchioles and alveoli

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7
Q

What is emphysema?

A

loss of elasticity around air spaces
causes include inflamed airways, smoking
type of COPD

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8
Q

When a patient experiences a worsening of their chronic condition, it is called

A

exacerbation

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9
Q

What is asthma?

A

acute spasm of smaller air passages (bronchioconstriction and vasodilation)

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10
Q

Albuterol may be used any time the pt is experiencing ___ causing ___

A

dyspnea, bronchoconstriction

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11
Q

Can epinephrine be used during a critical asthma attack?

A

Yes, if OLMC is contacted

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12
Q

What is a hemothorax?

A

when blood enters the pleural space

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13
Q

What is a pleural effusion?

A

When other fluids enter pleural space (NOT blood)

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of a pulmonary embolism?

A

blood clot in the legs

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism?

A

SOB, increased work breathing, and signs of hypoxia like low SpO2 levels despite administering oxygen

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16
Q

Name the symptoms of CO poisoning?

A

headaches and nausea, LOC, seizures, and coma

17
Q

Are pulse oximeters helpful when determing CO poisoning?

A

No, they cannot differentiate between O2 and CO

18
Q

What is respiratory splinting?

A

Pain to pt, with SOB after a broken rib

19
Q

When three or more ribs are broken, it is called__ and results in

A

a flail segment, a paradoxical movement of chest wall

20
Q

Name what should be looked for during the physical exam for patients experiencing respiratory distress

A

conjunctiva, cyanosis, jugular vein distention, tracheal deviation, ascites, pedal edema, and clubbing

21
Q

What patients benefit from humidifed oxygen?

A

burn pts, and pediatric pts

22
Q

What position might children assume when experiencing respiratory distress?

A

sniffing position

23
Q

What sounds does croup produce? What sort of swelling does it create?

A

stridor (NOT wheezing) pharyngeal

24
Q

How might croup be treated?

A

Humidified oxygen

25
What is epiglottitis? Name a unique symtpom
bacterial infection causing swelling of flap over larynx. Drooling
26
What is bronchiolitis? Is there bronchioconstriction?
caused by RSV, most common in children. The bronchioles are swollen, but bronchiodilators like albuterol are still helpful.
27
How should an EMT suspect pneumonia?
fever, cough, difficulty breathing. Variety of lung sounds.
28
What is pertussis? What are the symptoms and treatment?
whooping cough, bacterial infection prolongued coughing fit watch for dehydration and suction
29
What is cystic fibrosis? How is it treated?
Thick mucous secretions Treat w suction and oxygenate (possibly humidify)
30
Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: complete cessation of respiratory effort difficulty breathing labored breathing with reduced tidal volume a marked increase in exhalation phase
difficulty breathing
31
In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of: decreased O2 Decreased CO2 Increased O2 Increased CO2
Increased CO2
32
A 24-year-old male patient is having a severe asthma attack. You are administering nebulizer albuterol however, he is worsening. You should: - call OLMC to administer epinephrine -call OLMC to administer addition albuterol -call ALS and wait
- call OLMC to administer epinephrine
33
Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicate swelling of the upper airway? rhonchi crackles rales stridor
stridor
34
A 19-year-old male patient states he "can't catch his breath". His vital signs are as follows: BP: 128/78; P: 98; RR: 24; SPo2 97%. You should:
administer oxygen via NRB
35
Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: right sided heart failure sever hyperventilation an upper airway infection left sided heart failure
left sided heart failure
36
The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by: -massive constriciton of bronchioles -repeated exposure to cigarette smoke -acute fluid accumulation in alveoli -chronic stretching of alveolar walls
-chronic stretching of alveolar walls