Module 22: Soft tissue injuries

Question 1

What is barotrauma?

Answer 1

trauma to hollow organs like lungs

Question 2

What are the three layers of subcutaneous?

Answer 2

fat, fascia, muscle

Question 3

What are the three layers of the skin, in order?

Answer 3

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

Question 4

children and older people typically have ____ skin

Answer 4

thinner

Question 5

What sort of trauma might cause a contusion?

Answer 5

Blunt force trauma

Question 6

What is ecchymosis?

Answer 6

the color of broken blood vessels from a contusion

Question 7

How might a hematoma differ from a contusion in terms of presentation? How should they be treated?

Answer 7

swelling
splint, ice, cover (if skin is thin). Monitor for distal pulses

Question 8

Describe the cellular injuries that may occur after crush injuries

Answer 8

increase lactic acid
renal failure
cardiac arrest

Question 9

What are the five P’s of compartment syndrome?

Answer 9

Pain
Paresthesia (burning/prickling sensation in limb)
Pallor
Paralysis
Pulselessness

Question 10

what are abrasions?

Answer 10

removal of epidermis

Question 11

What are lacerations?

Answer 11

Jagged openings/cuts

Question 12

What are incisions?

Answer 12

More precise cuts, often from a knife or scalpel

Question 13

What is an avulsion?

Answer 13

detached skin

Question 14

What is the goal for penetrating trauma?

Answer 14

Stabilizing the object, do not remove

Question 15

when can you remove a penetrating object?

Answer 15

If pt is in cardiac arrest and object is in dead center of the chest, this way you can perform CPR

Question 16

When should you stop turning a tourniquet?

Answer 16

when bleeding has stopped and there is no pulse distal to tourniquet

Question 17

“your pt is showing signs of hypoperfusion” in practical. What should you do?

Answer 17

lay them down, supply O2 (likely done earlier), and cover with blanket

Question 18

If a pt with an occlusive dressing experiences pressure in chest, what can be done?

Answer 18

lift corner of seal up while pt exhales, then re seal before inhalation (burping)

Question 19

Describe treatment for an abdominal evisceration

Answer 19

1. saline moist dressing
2. dry dressing
3. occlusive dressing

Question 20

What are the three places you place an occlusive dressing

Answer 20

neck, chest, and abdomen for eviscerations

Question 21

Describe the steps of treating a burn

Answer 21

1. remove any clothing, jewelry, or rings
2. dress the burn
3. cover with a burn sheet

Question 22

What sort of dressings should burns be covered with?

Answer 22

dry, sterile dressings
Moist sterile dressings may be used to augment pain if the born is <= 10%

Question 23

What are the three types of burns?

Answer 23

superficial
partial thickness
full thickness

Question 24

How are superficial burns described?

Answer 24

sunburn basically. Top layer of skin

Question 25

How are partial thickness burns described?

Answer 25

blistering, hair follicle still intact

Question 26

How are full thickness burns described?

Answer 26

charring

Question 27

How is the extent of burns determined with the rule of 9’s?

Answer 27

Rule of 9’s
arms are 9 each, legs are 18 each, abdomen is 18, head is 9, back is 18, groin is 1

Question 28

How is the extent of burns determined with the rule of palm?

Answer 28

palm is 1%, match up with amount of body burned

Question 29

How is the extent of burns determined with the rule of 9’s in pediatric patients?

Answer 29

infants:
head is 18, abdomen is 18, back is 18, arms are 9 each, legs are 13.5 each

children:
head is 12, abdomen and back are 18, arms are 9, legs are 16.5

Question 30

What sort of radiation penetrates the skin?

Answer 30

gamma radiation

Question 31

How might an EMT be exposed to radiation?

Answer 31

through a pt’s clothes

Question 32

Characteristics of a full thickness burn include all of the following, except
uncontrolled intense pain
fluid loss and infection
muscle and nerve damage
disfigurement

Answer 32

uncontrolled intense pain

Question 33

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

Answer 33

epidermis

Question 34

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the
skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?
avulsion
laceration
incision
abrasion

Answer 34

abrasion

Question 35

Compared to the entrance wound caused by a gunshot, the exit wound:
is usually larger
closes quickly
bleeds less severely
is often smaller

Answer 35

is usually larger

Question 36

In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue
injury exposes a patient to is:
hypothermia
nerve and vessel damage
infection

Answer 36

infection

Question 37

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

Answer 37

contusion