Module 22: Soft tissue injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is barotrauma?

A

trauma to hollow organs like lungs

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2
Q

What are the three layers of subcutaneous?

A

fat, fascia, muscle

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the skin, in order?

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

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4
Q

children and older people typically have ____ skin

A

thinner

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5
Q

What sort of trauma might cause a contusion?

A

Blunt force trauma

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6
Q

What is ecchymosis?

A

the color of broken blood vessels from a contusion

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7
Q

How might a hematoma differ from a contusion in terms of presentation? How should they be treated?

A

swelling
splint, ice, cover (if skin is thin). Monitor for distal pulses

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8
Q

Describe the cellular injuries that may occur after crush injuries

A

increase lactic acid
renal failure
cardiac arrest

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9
Q

What are the five P’s of compartment syndrome?

A

Pain
Paresthesia (burning/prickling sensation in limb)
Pallor
Paralysis
Pulselessness

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10
Q

what are abrasions?

A

removal of epidermis

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11
Q

What are lacerations?

A

Jagged openings/cuts

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12
Q

What are incisions?

A

More precise cuts, often from a knife or scalpel

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13
Q

What is an avulsion?

A

detached skin

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14
Q

What is the goal for penetrating trauma?

A

Stabilizing the object, do not remove

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15
Q

when can you remove a penetrating object?

A

If pt is in cardiac arrest and object is in dead center of the chest, this way you can perform CPR

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16
Q

When should you stop turning a tourniquet?

A

when bleeding has stopped and there is no pulse distal to tourniquet

17
Q

“your pt is showing signs of hypoperfusion” in practical. What should you do?

A

lay them down, supply O2 (likely done earlier), and cover with blanket

18
Q

If a pt with an occlusive dressing experiences pressure in chest, what can be done?

A

lift corner of seal up while pt exhales, then re seal before inhalation (burping)

19
Q

Describe treatment for an abdominal evisceration

A
  1. saline moist dressing
  2. dry dressing
  3. occlusive dressing
20
Q

What are the three places you place an occlusive dressing

A

neck, chest, and abdomen for eviscerations

21
Q

Describe the steps of treating a burn

A
  1. remove any clothing, jewelry, or rings
  2. dress the burn
  3. cover with a burn sheet
22
Q

What sort of dressings should burns be covered with?

A

dry, sterile dressings
Moist sterile dressings may be used to augment pain if the born is <= 10%

23
Q

What are the three types of burns?

A

superficial
partial thickness
full thickness

24
Q

How are superficial burns described?

A

sunburn basically. Top layer of skin

25
How are partial thickness burns described?
blistering, hair follicle still intact
26
How are full thickness burns described?
charring
27
How is the extent of burns determined with the rule of 9's?
Rule of 9's arms are 9 each, legs are 18 each, abdomen is 18, head is 9, back is 18, groin is 1
28
How is the extent of burns determined with the rule of palm?
palm is 1%, match up with amount of body burned
29
How is the extent of burns determined with the rule of 9's in pediatric patients?
infants: head is 18, abdomen is 18, back is 18, arms are 9 each, legs are 13.5 each children: head is 12, abdomen and back are 18, arms are 9, legs are 16.5
30
What sort of radiation penetrates the skin?
gamma radiation
31
How might an EMT be exposed to radiation?
through a pt's clothes
32
Characteristics of a full thickness burn include all of the following, except uncontrolled intense pain fluid loss and infection muscle and nerve damage disfigurement
uncontrolled intense pain
33
What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?
epidermis
34
Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? avulsion laceration incision abrasion
abrasion
35
Compared to the entrance wound caused by a gunshot, the exit wound: is usually larger closes quickly bleeds less severely is often smaller
is usually larger
36
In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is: hypothermia nerve and vessel damage infection
infection
37
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
contusion