Module 12: cardiology Flashcards
The right side is considered (pulmonary/systemic) while the left is considered (pulmonary/systemic)
pulmonary, systemic
What is automacity?
the heart’s ability to general its own electrical impulse
If there is ever damage to the SA node, the __ node will take over, however__
AV node, but this slows the heart
SA node is __ BPM. The AV node is ___ BPM. the ventricles are ___ BPM
60-100, 40-60, 20-40
Name the three basic categories of heart problems
obstruction, circulation, and electrical
How does cardiac tamponade usually come about? What happens? What sort of heart problem is it categorized as?
heart pierced, fills pericardial sac with blood, obstruction
What is beck’s triad? What kind of heart probelm arises from it
Cardiac tamponade: JVD, muffled heart sounds, and narrowing BPs
What are the treatments of cardiac tamponade?
limit ambulation, position of comfort (don’t lie prone), oxygen
Name the two possible occurrences in coronary arteries during circulation problems
either blood clot or spasming
What is atherosclerosis?
buildup of plaque in the arteries
compare ischemia vs infarction
ischemia: injury to tissue due to lack of O2
Infarction: death of tissue due to lack of O2
Name the mgs of aspirin given to a pt experiencing an MI?
324mg
what is the required SBP for assisting with nitroglycerin?
above 120
Name the number of doses and amount of time between each for assisting w nitroglycerin
3 doses, 5 minutes apart
Name the mg for each dose of nitroglycerin
0.4mg
What is unique about assessment of pts with lvads?
no pulse or BP
What occurs during V-Fib?
cardiac cells deprived of O2, heart is quivering but not pumping
What is the treatment for cardiac arrest?
CPR, defibrillation, airway and breathing
What are AICDs? How should these pts be treated?
automatic cardiac defibrillators, usually for pts who have suffered cardiac arrest due to v-fib. Treat like any other pt experiencing an MI
What is a life vest?
for pts too sick to receive internal defibrillator.
What is a holter monitor?
used over several days to monitor cardiac rhythm. does not defibrillate pt
What is a loop recorder?
Monitors pt for extended period of time, implanted underneath the skin. Provides not therapy/does not defibrillate
Why are thick walls of the left ventricle detrimental to the pt?
it is harder for the heart to hold as much blood. Stroke volume is reduced, so the heart must work harder.
Obstruction includes two conditions. Name them
tension pneuomothorax and cardiac tamponade
Circulation includes two conditions. Name them
MI and angina
Electrical includes one condition. Name it
v-fib
The ability of cardiac muscle to contract spontaneously without stimulus from the central nervous system is called:
automacity
Check the box next to each correct answer.
A 66-year-old female patient is complaining of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. She states this is similar to a previous heart attack she had two years ago. Her vitals are 160/92; Pulse 102, weak and irregular, 22 breaths per minute. She takes metoprolol, nitrostat and simvastatin.
Appropriate treatment for this patient should include. - Select all that apply
324 mg ASA
-position of comfort
-oxygen
-nitroglycerin
all of the above
Place the following items into the correct order.
-AV Node
-Purkinje Fibers
-Bundle of His
-SA node
SA node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Purkinje
Aspirin works in the presence of a myocardial infarction to:
-bust clot of coronarya rtery
-relieve pain
-anticoagulant
-antiplatelet
antiplatelet
A 22-year-old male patient has been shot in the chest. His initial vitals are 132/90, P:122 R:26. Which of the following repeat vital signs would indicate the possibility of a pericardial tamponade?
-BP: 90/76 P: 88, R:26
-BP: 96/60, P:102, R:28
-BP 120/80, P:80, R:16
-BP 210/110, P:64, R:24
BP: 90/76 P: 88, R:26
Of the following, which rhythm(s) will the automated external defibrillator advise a “shock indicated” message? - Select all that apply
V-fib
pulseless V-tach
asystole
bradychardia
V-fib
pulseless V-tach
Which of the following is the most muscular:
L atrium
L ventricle
R atrium
R ventricle
L ventricle
What is the function of the left atrium?
- receives oxygenated blood from vena cava
-receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
-ejects oxygenated blood into aorta
-receives blood from pulmonary arteries
-receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
Angina pectoris occurs when:
-myocardial O2 supply exceeds demand
-myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply
-coronary artery is occluded by plaque
-myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply
