Module 12: cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

The right side is considered (pulmonary/systemic) while the left is considered (pulmonary/systemic)

A

pulmonary, systemic

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2
Q

What is automacity?

A

the heart’s ability to general its own electrical impulse

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3
Q

If there is ever damage to the SA node, the __ node will take over, however__

A

AV node, but this slows the heart

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4
Q

SA node is __ BPM. The AV node is ___ BPM. the ventricles are ___ BPM

A

60-100, 40-60, 20-40

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5
Q

Name the three basic categories of heart problems

A

obstruction, circulation, and electrical

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6
Q

How does cardiac tamponade usually come about? What happens? What sort of heart problem is it categorized as?

A

heart pierced, fills pericardial sac with blood, obstruction

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7
Q

What is beck’s triad? What kind of heart probelm arises from it

A

Cardiac tamponade: JVD, muffled heart sounds, and narrowing BPs

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8
Q

What are the treatments of cardiac tamponade?

A

limit ambulation, position of comfort (don’t lie prone), oxygen

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9
Q

Name the two possible occurrences in coronary arteries during circulation problems

A

either blood clot or spasming

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10
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

buildup of plaque in the arteries

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11
Q

compare ischemia vs infarction

A

ischemia: injury to tissue due to lack of O2
Infarction: death of tissue due to lack of O2

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12
Q

Name the mgs of aspirin given to a pt experiencing an MI?

A

324mg

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13
Q

what is the required SBP for assisting with nitroglycerin?

A

above 120

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14
Q

Name the number of doses and amount of time between each for assisting w nitroglycerin

A

3 doses, 5 minutes apart

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15
Q

Name the mg for each dose of nitroglycerin

A

0.4mg

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16
Q

What is unique about assessment of pts with lvads?

A

no pulse or BP

17
Q

What occurs during V-Fib?

A

cardiac cells deprived of O2, heart is quivering but not pumping

18
Q

What is the treatment for cardiac arrest?

A

CPR, defibrillation, airway and breathing

19
Q

What are AICDs? How should these pts be treated?

A

automatic cardiac defibrillators, usually for pts who have suffered cardiac arrest due to v-fib. Treat like any other pt experiencing an MI

20
Q

What is a life vest?

A

for pts too sick to receive internal defibrillator.

21
Q

What is a holter monitor?

A

used over several days to monitor cardiac rhythm. does not defibrillate pt

22
Q

What is a loop recorder?

A

Monitors pt for extended period of time, implanted underneath the skin. Provides not therapy/does not defibrillate

23
Q

Why are thick walls of the left ventricle detrimental to the pt?

A

it is harder for the heart to hold as much blood. Stroke volume is reduced, so the heart must work harder.

24
Q

Obstruction includes two conditions. Name them

A

tension pneuomothorax and cardiac tamponade

25
Circulation includes two conditions. Name them
MI and angina
26
Electrical includes one condition. Name it
v-fib
27
The ability of cardiac muscle to contract spontaneously without stimulus from the central nervous system is called:
automacity
28
Check the box next to each correct answer. A 66-year-old female patient is complaining of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. She states this is similar to a previous heart attack she had two years ago. Her vitals are 160/92; Pulse 102, weak and irregular, 22 breaths per minute. She takes metoprolol, nitrostat and simvastatin. Appropriate treatment for this patient should include. - Select all that apply 324 mg ASA -position of comfort -oxygen -nitroglycerin
all of the above
29
Place the following items into the correct order. -AV Node -Purkinje Fibers -Bundle of His -SA node
SA node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Purkinje
30
Aspirin works in the presence of a myocardial infarction to: -bust clot of coronarya rtery -relieve pain -anticoagulant -antiplatelet
antiplatelet
31
A 22-year-old male patient has been shot in the chest. His initial vitals are 132/90, P:122 R:26. Which of the following repeat vital signs would indicate the possibility of a pericardial tamponade? -BP: 90/76 P: 88, R:26 -BP: 96/60, P:102, R:28 -BP 120/80, P:80, R:16 -BP 210/110, P:64, R:24
BP: 90/76 P: 88, R:26
32
Of the following, which rhythm(s) will the automated external defibrillator advise a "shock indicated" message? - Select all that apply V-fib pulseless V-tach asystole bradychardia
V-fib pulseless V-tach
33
Which of the following is the most muscular: L atrium L ventricle R atrium R ventricle
L ventricle
34
What is the function of the left atrium? - receives oxygenated blood from vena cava -receives oxygenated blood from the lungs -ejects oxygenated blood into aorta -receives blood from pulmonary arteries
-receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
35
Angina pectoris occurs when: -myocardial O2 supply exceeds demand -myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply -coronary artery is occluded by plaque
-myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply