Module 12: cardiology

Question 1

The right side is considered (pulmonary/systemic) while the left is considered (pulmonary/systemic)

Answer 1

pulmonary, systemic

Question 2

What is automacity?

Answer 2

the heart’s ability to general its own electrical impulse

Question 3

If there is ever damage to the SA node, the __ node will take over, however__

Answer 3

AV node, but this slows the heart

Question 4

SA node is __ BPM. The AV node is ___ BPM. the ventricles are ___ BPM

Answer 4

60-100, 40-60, 20-40

Question 5

Name the three basic categories of heart problems

Answer 5

obstruction, circulation, and electrical

Question 6

How does cardiac tamponade usually come about? What happens? What sort of heart problem is it categorized as?

Answer 6

heart pierced, fills pericardial sac with blood, obstruction

Question 7

What is beck’s triad? What kind of heart probelm arises from it

Answer 7

Cardiac tamponade: JVD, muffled heart sounds, and narrowing BPs

Question 8

What are the treatments of cardiac tamponade?

Answer 8

limit ambulation, position of comfort (don’t lie prone), oxygen

Question 9

Name the two possible occurrences in coronary arteries during circulation problems

Answer 9

either blood clot or spasming

Question 10

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 10

buildup of plaque in the arteries

Question 11

compare ischemia vs infarction

Answer 11

ischemia: injury to tissue due to lack of O2
Infarction: death of tissue due to lack of O2

Question 12

Name the mgs of aspirin given to a pt experiencing an MI?

Answer 12

324mg

Question 13

what is the required SBP for assisting with nitroglycerin?

Answer 13

above 120

Question 14

Name the number of doses and amount of time between each for assisting w nitroglycerin

Answer 14

3 doses, 5 minutes apart

Question 15

Name the mg for each dose of nitroglycerin

Answer 15

0.4mg

Question 16

What is unique about assessment of pts with lvads?

Answer 16

no pulse or BP

Question 17

What occurs during V-Fib?

Answer 17

cardiac cells deprived of O2, heart is quivering but not pumping

Question 18

What is the treatment for cardiac arrest?

Answer 18

CPR, defibrillation, airway and breathing

Question 19

What are AICDs? How should these pts be treated?

Answer 19

automatic cardiac defibrillators, usually for pts who have suffered cardiac arrest due to v-fib. Treat like any other pt experiencing an MI

Question 20

What is a life vest?

Answer 20

for pts too sick to receive internal defibrillator.

Question 21

What is a holter monitor?

Answer 21

used over several days to monitor cardiac rhythm. does not defibrillate pt

Question 22

What is a loop recorder?

Answer 22

Monitors pt for extended period of time, implanted underneath the skin. Provides not therapy/does not defibrillate

Question 23

Why are thick walls of the left ventricle detrimental to the pt?

Answer 23

it is harder for the heart to hold as much blood. Stroke volume is reduced, so the heart must work harder.

Question 24

Obstruction includes two conditions. Name them

Answer 24

tension pneuomothorax and cardiac tamponade

Question 25

Circulation includes two conditions. Name them

Answer 25

MI and angina

Question 26

Electrical includes one condition. Name it

Answer 26

v-fib

Question 27

The ability of cardiac muscle to contract spontaneously without stimulus from the central nervous system is called:

Answer 27

automacity

Question 28

Check the box next to each correct answer.

A 66-year-old female patient is complaining of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. She states this is similar to a previous heart attack she had two years ago. Her vitals are 160/92; Pulse 102, weak and irregular, 22 breaths per minute. She takes metoprolol, nitrostat and simvastatin.

Appropriate treatment for this patient should include. - Select all that apply
324 mg ASA
-position of comfort
-oxygen
-nitroglycerin

Answer 28

all of the above

Question 29

Place the following items into the correct order.
-AV Node
-Purkinje Fibers
-Bundle of His
-SA node

Answer 29

SA node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Purkinje

Question 30

Aspirin works in the presence of a myocardial infarction to:
-bust clot of coronarya rtery
-relieve pain
-anticoagulant
-antiplatelet

Answer 30

antiplatelet

Question 31

A 22-year-old male patient has been shot in the chest. His initial vitals are 132/90, P:122 R:26. Which of the following repeat vital signs would indicate the possibility of a pericardial tamponade?
-BP: 90/76 P: 88, R:26
-BP: 96/60, P:102, R:28
-BP 120/80, P:80, R:16
-BP 210/110, P:64, R:24

Answer 31

BP: 90/76 P: 88, R:26

Question 32

Of the following, which rhythm(s) will the automated external defibrillator advise a “shock indicated” message? - Select all that apply
V-fib
pulseless V-tach
asystole
bradychardia

Answer 32

V-fib
pulseless V-tach

Question 33

Which of the following is the most muscular:
L atrium
L ventricle
R atrium
R ventricle

Answer 33

L ventricle

Question 34

What is the function of the left atrium?
- receives oxygenated blood from vena cava
-receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
-ejects oxygenated blood into aorta
-receives blood from pulmonary arteries

Answer 34

-receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 35

Angina pectoris occurs when:
-myocardial O2 supply exceeds demand
-myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply
-coronary artery is occluded by plaque

Answer 35

-myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply