Module 4: Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What two domains can be considered prokaryotic?

Answer 1

Archaea and bacteria

Question 2

What type of organisms have organelles?

Answer 2

Eukaryotes

Question 3

What is the term for the phospholipid bilayer with transport proteins and steroids embedded in it?

Answer 3

Plasma membrane

Question 4

What process allows molecules and ions to cross the plasma membrane and spread out and requires no ATP?

Answer 4

Passive transport

Question 5

What process allows lipid-soluble, nonpolar items to cross the membrane?

Answer 5

Diffusion

Question 6

What process allows lipid-soluble, polar items to cross the membrane?

Answer 6

Facilitated diffusion

Question 7

What is the process when water diffuses through the membrane?

Answer 7

Osmosis

Question 8

What type of cells can use exocytosis and endocytosis?

Answer 8

Eukaryotes

Question 9

What is the term for movement in response to chemical cues?

Answer 9

Chemotaxis

Question 10

How do spirochete bacteria move?

Answer 10

Axial filaments

Question 11

What structures are used for attachment to surfaces of other cells and not for motility?

Answer 11

Fimbriae

Question 12

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 12

The nucleoid region

Question 13

Where are plasmids found?

Answer 13

Bacterial cells

Question 14

What is the process of one bacterial cell giving another a copy of part of it’s plasmid?

Answer 14

Conjugation

Question 15

What type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 15

70S

Question 16

What type of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

80S

Question 17

What organelles in human macrophages can destroy phagocytized bacteria?

Answer 17

Lysosomes

Question 18

What organelles make glucose in a process known as photosynthesis?

Answer 18

Chloroplasts

Question 19

What theory explains the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria as coming from prokaryotic cells?

Answer 19

The endosymbiotic theory

Question 20

Who invented the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 20

Lynn Margulis

Question 21

What shape is a cocci bacteria?

Answer 21

Spherical

Question 22

What shape is a bacilli bacteria?

Answer 22

Rod-shaped

Question 23

Why do mycobacterium need to be stained with acid-fast staining?

Answer 23

Mycolic acid found in their cell walls

Question 24

What type of bacteria have more layers of peptidoglycan?

Answer 24

Gram-positive

Question 25

What functions can be formed in response to nutrient deficiency?

Answer 25

Endospores

Question 26

What is the process of forming spores called?

Answer 26

Sporulation/sporogenesis