Module 4: Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What two domains can be considered prokaryotic?
Archaea and bacteria
What type of organisms have organelles?
Eukaryotes
What is the term for the phospholipid bilayer with transport proteins and steroids embedded in it?
Plasma membrane
What process allows molecules and ions to cross the plasma membrane and spread out and requires no ATP?
Passive transport
What process allows lipid-soluble, nonpolar items to cross the membrane?
Diffusion
What process allows lipid-soluble, polar items to cross the membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the process when water diffuses through the membrane?
Osmosis
What type of cells can use exocytosis and endocytosis?
Eukaryotes
What is the term for movement in response to chemical cues?
Chemotaxis
How do spirochete bacteria move?
Axial filaments
What structures are used for attachment to surfaces of other cells and not for motility?
Fimbriae
Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
The nucleoid region
Where are plasmids found?
Bacterial cells
What is the process of one bacterial cell giving another a copy of part of it’s plasmid?
Conjugation
What type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?
70S
What type of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?
80S
What organelles in human macrophages can destroy phagocytized bacteria?
Lysosomes
What organelles make glucose in a process known as photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
What theory explains the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria as coming from prokaryotic cells?
The endosymbiotic theory
Who invented the endosymbiotic theory?
Lynn Margulis
What shape is a cocci bacteria?
Spherical
What shape is a bacilli bacteria?
Rod-shaped
Why do mycobacterium need to be stained with acid-fast staining?
Mycolic acid found in their cell walls
What type of bacteria have more layers of peptidoglycan?
Gram-positive
What functions can be formed in response to nutrient deficiency?
Endospores
What is the process of forming spores called?
Sporulation/sporogenesis
