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Microbiology (2060) > Module 2: Chemical Principles > Flashcards

Module 2: Chemical Principles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the term for the smallest, most basic unit of a chemical element?

A

Atom

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2
Q

What are the 4 most abundant elements?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen

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3
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

A

Neutron
Electron
Proton

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4
Q

What type of electrical charge do atoms have?

A

Neutral charge

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5
Q

What is the term for two or more atoms bonded together?

A

Molecule

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6
Q

What type of chemical bond is formed by the sharing of electrons?

A

Covalent bonds

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7
Q

What type of chemical bond is formed by the transfer of electrons?

A

Ionic bonds

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8
Q

What type of bond can have two or three bonds at a time?

A

Covalent bonds

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9
Q

What is the classification for a bond with unequal sharing?

A

Polar bond

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10
Q

What type of bonding happens between two polar bonds?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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11
Q

What type of bonds are the weakest?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

What is the term for making or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms?

A

Chemical reactions

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13
Q

What is the term for the type of reaction where a larger molecule that is formed from two smaller molecules joining together?

A

Anabolic reaction

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14
Q

What is the term for the type of reaction where a molecule is split apart and forms two smaller molecules?

A

Catabolic reaction

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15
Q

What is the term meaning “releasing energy?”

A

Exergonic

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16
Q

What are the 4 common organic compounds?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

17
Q

What is the pH that most organisms grow best?

A

6.5-8.5

18
Q

What item can be used to help keep pH from getting too acidic or basic?

A

A pH buffer

19
Q

Which organic compound is not a polymer?

A

Lipids

20
Q

What process can be characterized by a covalent bond formed between two monomers?

A

Dehydration synthesis

21
Q

What process can be characterized by a covalent bond between two monomers being broken apart?

A

Hydrolysis

22
Q

What is a common complex lipid?

A

Mycobacterium

23
Q

What type of organic molecule is a lipid and is important in membranes?

A

Steroid

24
Q

What 3 environmental factors can lead to protein structure denaturation?

A

Temperature, pH, and salt concentration

25
Q

What molecules catalyze chemical reactions?

A

Enzymes

26
Q

What is the term for bacterial proteins that can kill or inhibit the growth of other bacteria?

A

Bacteriocins

27
Q

What is the term for toxins that are secreted and can kill nearby cells?

A

Exotoxins

28
Q

What are two examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

29
Q

What are the three components of a nucleic acid?

A

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

Microbiology (2060) (21 decks)

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