Module 20: Antimicrobial Drugs

Question 1

Who is credited with the birth of modern chemotherapy?

Answer 1

Paul Ehrlich

Question 2

Who observed the growth of bacteria on a petri plate and worked to discover antibiotics?

Answer 2

Alexander Flemming

Question 3

What was the first antibiotic to be discovered?

Answer 3

Penicillin

Question 4

What bacteria genus is responsible for more than half of modern antibiotics?

Answer 4

Streptomyces

Question 5

What type of organism is the easiest to treat with antibiotics?

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

What is the disadvantage to using broad spectrum antibiotics?

Answer 6

They can harm the host’s normal flora

Question 7

What term means that an antibiotic stops the growth of bacteria but does not necessarily kill it?

Answer 7

Bacteriostatic

Question 8

What term means that an antibiotic kills bacteria?

Answer 8

Bactericidal

Question 9

What common antimicrobial drug is known to have a very broad spectrum?

Answer 9

Tetracyclines

Question 10

How does penicillin work?

Answer 10

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Question 11

How does chloramphenicol work?

Answer 11

Inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 12

How does an antimicrobial drug that targets sterols work?

Answer 12

Injuring the plasma membrane

Question 13

What was the first penicillinase-resistant drug to be developed?

Answer 13

Methicillin

Question 14

Why are gram-negative bacteria more resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 14

Their cell wall restricts absorption of molecules

Question 15

What is the term for assessing the risks and benefits when administering a drug?

Answer 15

Therapeutic index

Question 16

What percentage of antibiotics produced in the US are used in animal feeds to promote growth?

Answer 16

70%

Question 17

What is the first criteria for an effective antimicrobial drug?

Answer 17

Selective toxicity

Question 18

What is the second criteria for an effective antimicrobial drug?

Answer 18

Doesn’t stimulate hypersensitivity reactions

Question 19

What is the third criteria for an effective antimicrobial drug?

Answer 19

Solubility in human tissues

Question 20

What is the fourth criteria for an effective antimicrobial drug?

Answer 20

Doesn’t degrade or dissolve too quickly

Question 21

What is the fifth criteria for an effective antimicrobial drug?

Answer 21

Long shelf life

Question 22

What is the sixth criteria for an effective antimicrobial drug?

Answer 22

Doesn’t cause rapid resistance

Question 23

What is the seventh criteria for an effective antimicrobial drug?

Answer 23

Doesn’t hard normal flora

Question 24

What drug is used to treat genital herpes?

Answer 24

Acyclovir

Question 25

What process does chloramphenicol interfere with?

Answer 25

Translation

Question 26

What process do sulfa drugs interfere with?

Answer 26

Folic acid synthesis

Question 27

What structure does polymyxin B interfere with?

Answer 27

Plasma membrane

Question 28

What process does B-lactamase interfere with?

Answer 28

Penicillin resistance

Question 29

What is MIC?

Answer 29

Minimum inhibitory concentration

Question 30

What is MBC?

Answer 30

Minimum bactericidal concentration

Question 31

What process does rifampin interfere with?

Answer 31

Transcription

Question 32

What causes a superinfection?

Answer 32

Upsetting normal flora

Question 33

What two types of microbes are tetracyclines not effective against?

Answer 33

Gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacterium

Question 34

What drug is used to treat fungal infections?

Answer 34

Amphotericin B

Question 35

What drug is used to treat malaria?

Answer 35

Chloroquine