Module 11: Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards
Memorizing common bacterial pathogens
What is the full name for Rickettsia?
Rickettsia rickettsii
What is the same for pinpoint spots found in rickettsia rickettsii?
petechiae
What is the name for larger petechiae?
purpura
What are the two full names for Neisseria?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae of Neisseria meningitidis
How is N. gonorrhoeae diagnosed?
Chocolate agar or PCR
Which form of Neisseria causes urethritis?
N. gonorrhoeae
Which form of Neisseria is an opportunistic pathogen found in the upper respiratory tract?
N. meningitidis
What is the term that describes slow-starting symptoms that rapidly worse?
Fulminant progression
How is N. meningitidis diagnosed?
spinal tap
What is the term referring to “containing pus?”
purulent
Do N. gonorrhoeae or M. meningitidis have capsules?
yes, both do
Which bacterial pathogen is vector borne, gram-negative, obligate intracellular, and often causes “spotted fevers?”
Rickettsia
What is the full scientific name for rocky mountain spotted fever?
Rickettsia rickettsii
Which genus of bacteria is a gram-negative bacilli, has polar flagella, is an opportunistic pathogen, and is a common nosocomial infection?
Pseudomonas
What is the scientific name for the bacteria that is associated with moist, watery environments and that infection rates increase with warm weather?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the scientific name for the bacteria that is especially common in cystic fibrosis patients?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Otitis externa is often caused by what bacterial pathogen?
Pseudomans aeruginosa
What genus of bacteria is motile, gram-negative, slightly curved in shape, and is often transmitted via raw/undercooked shellfish?
Vibrio
What is the scientific name for the bacteria that causes cholerae?
Vibrio cholerae
What is the order of the bacteria that is a gram-negative bacilli, is motile, has flagella, and can easily use conjugation to inherit drug resistance?
Enterobacteriales
What bacteria is the most common cause of UTIs?
Escherichia coli
What is the term referring to the stomach flu?
Gastroenteritis
Salmonella is part of which order?
Enterobacteriales
What are the two diseases that can be caused by salmonella?
Typhoid fever and gastroenteritis
How can salmonella be diagnosed?
selective or differential culture of stool or leftover food
What is the scientific name for the disease that causes the 3 types of plague?
Yersinia pestis
What are the three types of plague?
Bubonic, pnemonic, and septicemic
What is the term for tissue death that is associated with the black death?
Gangrene
What is the term for “bad air?”
Miasmas
What is the genus name that required blood in its growth medium?
Haemophilus
Where is haemophilus commonly found?
Upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract
What is the scientific name for the bacteria that begins in the upper respiratory tract, becomes sinusitis, otitis, and possibly pneumonia?
Haemophilus influenzae
What is the bacterial genus that is slender, curved, and has multiple flagella?
Helicobacter
What is the most common cause of peptic ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
What is the enzyme that raised stomach pH and allows Helicobacter pylori to grow?
urease
What is the genus that includes whooping cough?
Bordetella
What is the scientific name for whooping cough?
Pertussis
What are the 4 types of clostridium bacteria?
C. botulinum, C. tetani, C. perfringens, and C. difficile
What bacterial pathogen prevents muscle contraction and is known as weak or flaccid paralysis?
Clostridium botulinum
What bacterial pathogen prevents muscles from relaxing and is known as rigid or spastic contraction?
Clostridium tetani
What is the biological toxin that is produced by Clostridium tetani?
tetanospasmin
What bacterial pathogen can be contracted from improperly sterilized canned foods that contain endospores?
Clostridium perfringens
What bacterial pathogen is known as deadly diarrhea and can be treated via fecal transplant?
Clostridium difficile
What is the scientific name of the bacteria that causes anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
What are the 3 types of Bacillus anthracis?
Cutaneous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal
What is the name of the genus that is classified by its pattern of growth in grape-like clusters?
Staphylococcus
What 2 bacterial pathogens causes impetigo?
Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
What is the scientific name for the most pathogenic strain of staphylococcus and that produces coagulase?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the Staphylococcal strain that lacks coagulase?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What bacterial pathogen causes scarlet fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is the term for “destroying red blood cells?”
Hemolysins
What genus can cause necrotizing fasciitis?
Streptococcus
What genus is a microaerophile and a psychrotroph?
Listeria
What is the scientific name for the Listeria bacteria that is transmitted via raw, contaminated food?
Listeria monocytogenes
What are the two genuses of bacteria found in the phylum actinobacteria?
Mycobacterium and Chlamydia
What are the two strains of mycobacterium?
M. tuberculosis and M. leprae
What condition is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis
What is the scientific name of the bacterium that causes leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
What is another name for leprosy?
Hansen’s disease
What is the bacteria that causes trachoma and STIs?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the term for abnormally position eyelashes?
Trichiasis
What is the term meaning “to scrape or wear away by friction?”
Abrading
What are the two bacteria that are found in the phylum spirochaetes?
Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum
What bacteria causes lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the vector in Borrelia burgdorferi?
blacklegged/deer ticks
Erythema migrans is a characteristic skin rash of what bacteria?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What bacteria causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
What are chancres?
painless sores that form 2-3 weeks after syphilis infection
What species of Neisseria has a high prevalence and low mortality?
N. gonorrhoeae
What species of Neisseria has a low prevalence and high mortality?
N. meningitidis
What is the term that means a bacteria required very specific nutrients in order to grow?
Fastidious
What type of bacterial infection has increased infection rates during the warm months of the year?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What bacteria is often the cause of stomach cancer?
Helicobacter pylori
What is the best way to prevent pertussis?
DTaP vaccine
Is Bacillus anthracis gram negative or gram positive?
Gram positive
What species of streptococcus is beta hemolytic?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is a common treatment for Streptococcus pyogenes?
Penicillin
What genus of bacteria contains mycolic acid?
Mycobacterium
What is the purpose of mycolic acid?
It slows the penetration of drugs and nutrition
Which phylum of bacteria is often viewed by darkfield microscopy?
Spirochetes