Module 31

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

the persistence of learning over time through encoding, storage, or retrieval of info

Question 2

recall (retention measure)

Answer 2

RETRIEVING info that isnt currently in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time

Question 3

recognition (retention measure)

Answer 3

IDENTIFYING items previously learned

Question 4

relearning (retention measure)

Answer 4

LEARNING SOMETHING MORE QUICKLY when you learn it a second or later time

Question 5

encoding

Answer 5

getting info into our brain

Question 6

storage

Answer 6

retaining info

Question 7

retrieval

Answer 7

later getting info out of the brain

Question 8

parallel processing

Answer 8

processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously, brains natural mode of info processing for many functions

Question 9

sensory memory

Answer 9

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system

Question 10

short-term memory

Answer 10

activated memory that holds few items briefly before the info is stored or forgotten (ex digits of a cell phone when calling)

Question 11

long-term memory

Answer 11

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. knowledge, skills, experiences

Question 12

working memory

Answer 12

adds conscious, active processing of incoming visual/auditory info., and info retrieved from long-term memory

Question 13

explicit memories (aka declarative memory)

Answer 13

retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”

Question 14

effortful processing

Answer 14

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 15

automatic processing

Answer 15

unconscious encoding of incidental info., ex time, space, frequency, and of well-learned info, like word meanings

Question 16

implicit memories (nondeclarative memories)

Answer 16

retention of learned skills or clasically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

Question 17

iconic memory

Answer 17

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Question 18

echoic memory

Answer 18

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds

Question 19

chunking

Answer 19

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Question 20

mnemonics

Answer 20

memory aids,especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Question 21

spacing effect

Answer 21

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Question 22

testing effect

Answer 22

enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply rereading info

Question 23

shallow processing

Answer 23

encoding on a basic level, like appearance of words

Question 24

deep processing

Answer 24

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words