Module 26

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors

Question 2

habituation

Answer 2

decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to stimuli

Question 3

associative learning

Answer 3

learning that certain events occur together

events may be 2 stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning(

Question 4

stimulus

Answer 4

any event or situation that evokes a response

Question 5

respondent behavior

Answer 5

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Question 6

operant behavior

Answer 6

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Question 7

cognitive learning

Answer 7

the acquisition of mental behaviors, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language

Question 8

classical conditioning

Answer 8

a type of learning in which we link 2 or more stimuli

Question 9

behaviorism

Answer 9

the view that psychology:
1. should be an object science that 2. studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes

most psychologists today agree w/ 1 but not 2

Question 10

neutral stimulus (NS)

Answer 10

in classical conditioning
a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

Question 11

unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 11

in classical conditioning
an unlearned, naturally occurring response (like salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (like food in the mouth)

Question 12

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 12

in classical conditioning
a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers an unconditioned response (UR)

Question 13

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 13

in classical conditioning
a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

Question 14

acquistion

Answer 14

in classical conditioning
the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response

Question 15

higher-order conditioning

Answer 15

procedure where the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus , creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus

Question 16

extinction

Answer 16

the diminishing of a conditioned response, occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditionedd stimulus

occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced

Question 17

spontaneous recovery

Answer 17

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 18

generalization

Answer 18

the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

operant conditioning, generalization occurs when responses learned in one situation occur in other, similar situations

Question 19

discrimination

Answer 19

in classical conditioning
the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimulus that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

in operant conditioning
the ability to distinguish responses that are reinforced from similar responses that are not reinforced