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Pre-pharmacology > Module 2 drugs > Flashcards

Module 2 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

bethanechol

A 
muscarinic agonist (one of few on market); increases bowl speed and increases bladder drainage for those with urinary/bowl retention
*has a long duration of action, unlike Ach
not a great drug b/c of side effects
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2
Q

atropine

A

Parasympatholytic: antidote to Ach, bethanechol, and Sarin gas
Prototypical parasympatholytic

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3
Q

scopolamine

A

parasympatholytic; used prophylactically to prevent motion sickness, originally used to dilate pupils
Very similar to atropine and derived from Nightshade

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4
Q

Ditropan

A

oxybutynin; muscarinic antagonist; designed specifically for muscarinic bladder rc antagonism but isn’t great (mainly just used locally b/c of side effects)
Antispasmodic to relax smooth muscle for urinary tract spasm, often given in combo with sedatives and anti-infectives

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5
Q

dopamine

A

ephedrine-like drug with beta and alpha agonist action

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6
Q

dobutamine

A

ephedrine-like drug with beta and alpha agonist action

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7
Q

Inderal

A

propranolol; non-selective B blocker (first one created); also an analgesic

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8
Q

curare

A

nicotinic antagonist; muscle relaxant

*can cause paralysis from blocking NMJ action; used as amazonian dart poison

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9
Q

epinepherine; norepinepherine

A

adrenergic rc agonists (prototype); bind to all alpha and B1 and B2 rc to raise BP, raise HR, dilate lungs, dilate pupils, increase blood flow to muscles and brain

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10
Q

albuterol

A

selective B2 agonist; used in inhalers to treat asthma

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11
Q

Ach

A

acetylcholine; cholinergic (M and N) agonist; lowers BP and HR, constricts lungs and pupils, increase blood flow to digestive tract and kidneys, and activates salvation

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12
Q

diphenhydramine (and other antihistamines)

A

muscarinic antagonists; as side effects b/c of parasympatholytic action they cause dry mouth and constipation

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13
Q

Lomotil

A

diphenoxylate mixed with atropine; opioid used to treat diarrhea mixed with atropine so it will not be abused from side e’s

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14
Q

Demerol

A

meperidine; mu receptor agonist, first synthesized opioid

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15
Q

TCAs

A

tricyclic antidepressants; often have pain-relieving properties even greater than anti-depressant effects

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16
Q

hydrocodone

A

S2 opioid with 1/2 the potency of oxycodone

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17
Q

OxyContin

A

oxycodone; twice as potent as hydrocodone

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18
Q

Sublimaze

A

fentanyl; opioid given by IV that is 100x as potent as morphine
Most popular synthetic potent opioid administered in clinics and hospitals

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19
Q

sufentanyl

A

opioid 10x more potent than fentanyl; 1000x more potent than morphine

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20
Q

Tylenol 3

A

30 mg codeine with 300 mg acetaminophen

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21
Q

Tylenol 4

A

60 mg codeine with 300 mg acetaminophen

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22
Q

Advil

A

ibuprofen OTC; common NSAID

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23
Q

Orudis

A

ketoprofen OTC; common NSAID

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24
Q

Aleve

A

naproxen OTC; common NSAID

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25
Q

Toradol

A

ketorolac; potent NSAID given IM commonly to send patients home after surgery or in professional sports
Very strong pain relief similar to morphine (not as addictive)

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26
Q

Aspirin

A

ASA; acetylsalicylic acid; OTC COX 1 and 2 inhibitor
Decomposes after expiration into vinegar and salicylic acid
Has anti-coagulant effect for 4-7 days
Risk for Reye’s syndrome when given to kids with flu, chickenpox, or cold

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27
Q

Ecotrin

A

Aspirin

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28
Q

Doan’s pills

A

magnesium salicylate

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29
Q

Pepto-Bismol

A

sodium salicylate

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30
Q

Vioxx and Bextra

A

COX 2 inhibitors pulled off market b/c of covered up increased risk for CAD and stroke

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31
Q

Celebrex

A

celecoxib; COX 2 inhibitor (only one on market); increases patient risk for CAD and stroke

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32
Q

APAP (acetyl-para-aminophenol)

A

Tylenol; acetaminophen; peripherally acting analgesic but not NSAID (inhibits some aspects of COX2)
Treats pain and fever, but not inflammation
Often given to pts. who can’t tolerate NSAIDs

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33
Q

Alka-Seltzer

A

ASA and sodium bicarbonate; in an effervescent tablet

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34
Q

buffered aspirin

A

ASA and antacid

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35
Q

Excedrin

A

acetaminophen, ASA, and caffeine; very dangerous and abused heavily. Very bad for kidneys to take all these drugs at same time

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36
Q

Percodan

A

oxycodone and ASA; S2

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37
Q

Vicodin

A

hydrocodone and acetaminophen; S2

38
Q

Lortab

A

hydrocodone and acetaminophen; S2

39
Q

Percocet

A

oxycodone and acetaminophen; S2

40
Q

Vicoprofen

A

hydrocodone and ibuprofen; S2

Not much ibuprofen: 7.5 mg hydrocodone and 200 mg ibuprofen

41
Q

Ergot alkaloids

A

ergotamine; powerful vasonconstrictor used to treat migraines (stop migraine vasodilation)

42
Q

Imitrex

A

sumatriptan; 5-HT 1B agonist; first and prototype triptan drug. Nitrogen gas powered subcutaneous needle-free delivery possible.

43
Q

frovatriptan

A

5-HT 1B agonist

44
Q

rizatriptan

A

5-HT 1B agonist

45
Q

zolmitriptan

A

5-HT 1B agonist

46
Q

eletriptan

A

5-HT 1B agonist

47
Q

naratriptan

A

5-HT 1B agonist

48
Q

Elavil

A

amitriptyline; TCA

49
Q

methadone

A

opioid; used for chronic pain management and help detoxification from opioid addiction

50
Q

Buprenex

A

buprenorphine; partial/mixed agonist/antagonist at mu rc. Used in withdrawls from narcotics, migraines, and analgesic when pt. concern of addiction/full effect narcotic
Can be taken as squirt up nose

51
Q

ketamine

A

kappa opioid rc agonist; strongest pain reliever we know other than unconsciousness by general anesthesia
Originally animal tranquilizer, now for anesthesia; causes hallucinations so must be careful

52
Q

Ultram

A

tramadol; popular strong opioid alternative b/c of mild opioid effect
1/100 mu receptor binding of morphine but works fine if pt. can’t take NSAID or something

53
Q

Naprosyn

A

naproxen Rx; common NSAID

54
Q

Motrin

A

ibuprofen Rx; common NSAID

55
Q

caffeine

A

methylxanthine (found in chocolate) type drug with bronchodilator properties. Can be used to treat tension and migraine headaches

56
Q

verapamil

A

CCB (calcium channel blocker); useful for non-traditional pain relief

57
Q

Prozac

A

fluoxetine; SSRI that can be used to treat migraines

58
Q

Cymbalta

A

duloxetine; SSNRI (selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor); can be used to migraines

59
Q

Lyrica

A

pregabalin; used to treat nerve and muscle pain, as well as to treat seizures

60
Q

lidocaine

A

Na channel blocker; local anesthetic

61
Q

capsaicin

A

compound found in chili peppers used in topical creams to deplete pain chemicals at site of injury

62
Q

Laudanum

A

tincture of opium

63
Q

Lidoderm patch

A

lidocaine patch

64
Q

Suboxone

A

buprenorphine and naloxone; partial agonist and full antag used to get people off opioids and prevent abuse of the drug used to wean them off
Starting to replace methadone and naltrexone for recovery for addicts

65
Q

methamphetamine

A

stimulant with similar properties to epinepherine

66
Q

cocaine

A

sodium channel blocker; local anesthetic, but also stimulant drug of abuse

67
Q

nitrous oxide

A

laughing gas

68
Q

Antabuse

A

disulfiram; prevents elimination of acetaldehyde which causes hangover symptoms so ingestion of alcohol causes very quick acting and long-lasting hangover

69
Q

naltrexone

A

mu antagonist; used orally with long half life to help block effects of opioids in brain so there is no euphoria; used prophylactically in maintenance phase for addicts
Also reduces alcohol cravings in alcoholics

70
Q

Narcan

A

naloxone; pure mu rc antagonist given by IV. Short half life so used just for emergency overdoses

71
Q

amphetamines

A

stimulant; Rx forms used to treat hyperactivity in children (ADHD)

72
Q

LSD

A

lysergic acid; “acid”; hallucinogen

73
Q

cannabinoids

A

mimic action of endogenous endocannabinoids and bind to cannabinoid receptors

74
Q

tobacco

A

nicotine inside is most common drug of abuse and addiction worldwide

75
Q

Xanax

A

alprazolam; benzodiazepine

76
Q

Valium

A

diazepam; benzodiazepine

77
Q

cortisol

A

naturally produced corticosteroid produced by the adrenal gland; modulates glucose levels and body stress response, temper immune function and thereby decrease inflammatory response, help us stay awake

78
Q

Singlulair

A

montelukast; lipoxegenase inhibitor (stops LT formation)

79
Q

hydrocortisone

A

cortisol-like drug synthesized for medical use

80
Q

oral prednisone

A

moderately potent systemic corticosteroid

81
Q

Kenalog

A

triamcinolone; systemic corticosteroid can be given by IM as “allergy shot” (incorrectly called cortisone shot) to reverse severe allergies. Also sold Rx in creams, nasal sprays, inhaler, pill, or injection

82
Q

Solu-Medrol

A

methylprednisolone; systemic corticosteroid given by IV to treat emergency anaphylactic reaction

83
Q

DHT

A

dihydrotestosterone; taken as an anabolic steroid

84
Q

testosterone

A

one of most important male hormones; also taken as an anabolic steroid

85
Q

Dianabol

A

methandrostenolone; first anabolic steroid in US; AAS (anabolic androgen steroid) with similar action to testosterone

86
Q

HGH

A

human growth hormone; often abused like an AAS

Can treat pituitary dwarfism or growth hormone deficiency in children

87
Q

Genotropin

A

first recombinant HGH produced as medicine

88
Q

coritsone

A

synthetic cortisol derivative

89
Q

Cortenema

A

Rx strength enema hydrocortisone for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

90
Q

prednisone

A

potent corticosteroid; very popular and given orally

91
Q

betamethasone

A

popular Rx strength corticosteroid cream and ointment

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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