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Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 12b (cardiovascular drugs) > Flashcards

Chapter 12b (cardiovascular drugs) Flashcards

1
Q

HTN drug summary

A

RASi, CCBs, thiazide-like diuretics (step 2); B-blockers and combinations (step 3); big vasodilators (step 4)

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2
Q

CAD (angina) drug summary

A

nitrates, B-blockers, CCBs; platelet inhibitors, and lipid-lowering agents (statins, etc.)

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3
Q

HF drug summary

A

loop diuretics, specific B-blockers (carvedilol), vasodilators like RASi, and sometimes big vasodilators like hydralazine and NTG, aldosterone antagonists, and digoxin

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4
Q

dysrhythmia drug summary

A

B-blockers, CCBs, and digoxin to slow HR, and atropine to increase HR

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5
Q

spironolactone

A

aldosterone antagonist; treats HF

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6
Q

angina

A

from plaque build up in arteries to heart; treated with NTG, B blockers, and CCBs

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7
Q

c.p.

A

chest pain (from angina)

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8
Q

NTG

A

nitroglycerin; potent vasodilator. Administered sublingua, topical cream, long-acting capsules, or IV

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9
Q

after heart attack, people are still at risk from…

A

abnormal heart rhythms that persist for days after heart attack

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10
Q

nitrates

A

cause vasodilation to allow more blood and oxygen to get to the heart; includes NTG and Isordil

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11
Q

Nitrostat

A

emergency NTG; sublingual

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12
Q

Isordil

A

isosorbide dinitrate; longer acting NTG preperation

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13
Q

BiDil

A

isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine combination; race-based Rx drug or African American use as potent vasodilator combination

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14
Q

hydralazine

A

potent vasodilator; used for angina

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15
Q

B blockers

A

angina/MI: lower HR which reduces heart’s need for oxygen (used more so when there are other CV comorbities otherwise CCB is used)
Also treat dysrhythmias (slow HR and stabilize twitchy areas of myocardium), migraines, some CHF, and HTN
*decrease fear and anxiety (used to treat PTSD)
*but can worsen depression

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16
Q

Inderal

A

propranolol; first B blocker, non-selective

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17
Q

Tenormin

A

atenolol; B1 selective blocker

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18
Q

Lopressor

A

metoprolol; B1 selective blocker

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19
Q

Coreg

A

carvedilol; non-selective adrenergic blocker used for CHF specifically to help heart pump more efficiently

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20
Q

selective B1 blockers action on heart

A

negative chronotropic and inotropic effect

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21
Q

CCBs

A

angina/MI: decrease BP, decrease HR, and increase coronary blood flow to increase O2 to heart
Dilate blood vessles systemically
Also treats HTN, certain dysrhythmias (slow HR and suppress aberrant activity), and migraines
Low side effects

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22
Q

Calan

A

verapamil; CCB

23
Q

amlodipine

A

CCB

24
Q

Procardia

A

nifedipine; CCB

25
Q

Lanoxin

A

digoxin; most common cardiac glycoside; prevents calcium moving ATPase so more calcium stays in heart muscle cells readily available to increase contraction strength of heart, very low TI
Backup therapy for those not responding to diuretic, ACEi/ARB, or carvedilol
No effect on quantity of life, but improves quality
Has negative chronotropic effect, but positive inotropic effect
Very similar to digitoxin, but has different form of elimination

26
Q

ACE-I

A

ace-inhibitors; certain ones used to increase survival of pts. after MI (Capoten; Vasotec)

27
Q

Capoten

A

captopril; ACE-I used to increase pt. survival post MI

28
Q

Vasotec

A

enalapil; ACE-I used to increase pt. survival post MI

29
Q

prophylactic ASA therapy

A

only not recommended for those with previous MI or stroke, and full 325 mg tablet is often recommended (not 81 mg baby ASA)

30
Q

anticoagulants and thrombolytics during MI

A

used to ‘bust’ clot in coronary artery

31
Q

post MI treatments

A

give platelet inhibitors and lipid lowering agents used in combo with B blockers, CCBs, and nitrates
RASi when given within 24 hours of MI increases survival rates (lisinopril, losartan, irbesartan, valsartan)

32
Q

HF treatments steps

A
  1. manage BP, blood sugar, lipids, and thyroid
  2. B blockers and ACEi/ARBs
  3. increase cardiac drug use and use diuretics
  4. previous therapy and digoxin
33
Q

epinepherine

A

positive chronotropic and inotropic effect on heart

34
Q

atropine

A

prototype anticholingergic drug; increases HR

35
Q

lipid disorder treatment

A

dietary control, increase exercise, decrease alcohol intake, and decreasing smoking is step 1
Step 2: HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins)

36
Q

statins

A

HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors; enzyme that produces cholesterol. Blocking this lowers LDL and increases HDL
Good side effect profile; but must watch liver and muscle function

37
Q

Lipitor

A

atorvastatin; statin

38
Q

Zocor

A

simvastatin; statin

39
Q

Bile acid sequestrants

A

bile-acid binding resins; bind fat in gut before they can be absorbed to lower body lipids
“inert” because it is neither digested or absorbed, it just binds things in gut then comes out the other end

40
Q

Questran

A

cholestyramine; bile acid sequestrant

41
Q

oatmeal

A

similar action to bile acid sequestrants

42
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids

A

found in fish mostly; lower blood cholesterol levels, raise HDL levels, and are mild anticoagulants

43
Q

Niaspan

A

niacin time release; raises HDL and lowers LDL and triglycerides
Lowers risk of MI
When used with bile-acid binding resins or a statin, this can slow down plaque build up in arteries

44
Q

vitamin B3

A

niacin

45
Q

other lipid-lowering drug classes

A

fibrates, sterol absorption inhibitors, monoclonal Ab inhibitors PCSK9, and new MTP inhibitors

46
Q

CV drugs with significant vasodilator properties

A

NTG, diuretics, L-type CCBs, ACEi, ARBs, and niacin

47
Q

ASA for heart emergencies

A

chew two stat if feel heart attack coming on

48
Q

Plavix

A

clopidogrel; big selling, high cost drug that inhibits platelets and helps prevent stroke and recurrent MI

49
Q

NTG admin methods

A

sL as Nitrostat; NTG topical paste; transdermally as Transderm-Nitro, etc.

50
Q

dopamine

A

sympathetic agonist that function like epinepherine that increase BP through vasopressor action

51
Q

dobutamine

A

sympathetic agonist that function like epinepherine that increase BP through vasopressor action
Also has positive inotropy effect

52
Q

Duramorph

A

morphine; used to treat pain and anxiety of heart attack

53
Q

cardioplegia solution

A

high potassium solution used to induce cardiac arrest in open heart surgery

54
Q

Activase

A

alteplase; very expensive and dangerous clot-busting drug only used in the ED or cath lab after a MI is diagnosed

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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