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Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 19 (dermatological drugs) > Flashcards

Chapter 19 (dermatological drugs) Flashcards

1
Q

astringents

A

found in ‘toners’: shrink or constrict pores by coagulating skin proteins

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2
Q

keratolytics

A

increase turnover rate of new skin cells, causing old skin to shed
Soften keratin to loosen and assist exfoliation of skin cells

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3
Q

caustic agents

A

dissolve the horny layer (and deeper) of skin

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4
Q

horny layer

A

stratum corneum; outermost layer of epidermis; consists of layers of dead skill cells that shed through process of desquamation

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5
Q

emollients

A

soften and smooth scales of skin to make them more smooth and less flaky; also are occlusive agents (provide a protective layer that prevents water loss)

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6
Q

moisturizers

A

introduce water to skin

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7
Q

antiseptics

A

weaken/slow down growth of bacteria instead of actually killing them; pretty much just used topically and resistance is rare

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8
Q

eczema

A

vague term meaning dermatitis, which is skin inflammation

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9
Q

most common causes of eczema

A
  1. irritant dermatitis
  2. atopy
  3. infections
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10
Q

irritant dermatitis

A

from exposure to environmental irritants (including sunburn)

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11
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

atopic implies allergic phenomenon; genetic predisposition to dermatitis; a type of allergy
Skin becomes inflammed when exposed to allergen (pollens, foods, metals, and chemicals)

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12
Q

atopic triad

A

eczema, hay fever, and asthma

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13
Q

infection dermatitis

A

skin inflammation caused by an infection
Miconazole for tinea fungal infections (types of tinea include ringworm, athlete’s foot and jock itch)
Double/triple antibiotic creams applied to topical staph. or strep. bacterial infections like impetigo
Topical/oral acyclovir-like drugs for herpetic viral infections
Vaccines to prevent genital warts

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14
Q

sunburn

A

type of irritant dermatitis; irritant is UV radiation. Skin is inflamed secondary to ‘overdose’ of radiation

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15
Q

treating dermatitis

A

just like treating inflammation; topical preparations include antihistamines, aloe vera and other plant extracts, zinc compounds, and emollients

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16
Q

Caladryl lotion

A

calamine to sooth and pramoxine as anti itch

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17
Q

Cortaid

A

hydrocortisone 1% cream; least potent coritcosteroid

Used for dermatitis

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18
Q

Ultravate, Halox

A

halobetasol proprionate 0.05%; group 1 corticosteroid (600x stronger than hydrocortisone)

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19
Q

Lidex

A

fluocinonide 0.05%; group 2 corticosteroid

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20
Q

Cutivate

A

fluticasone proprionate 0.005%; group 3 corticosteroid

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21
Q

Locoid

A

hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%; group 4 corticosteroid

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22
Q

Kenalog, Aristocort

A

triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%; group 5 corticosteroid

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23
Q

Kenalog, Aristocort A

A

triamcinolone acetonide 0.025%; group 6 corticosteroid

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24
Q

hydrocortisone 1%

A

OTC group 7 corticosteroid; weakest of topical corticosteroids, has poor lipid permeability, and can not penetrate mucous membranes well

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25
Q

zinc oxide

A

sunblock; more popular in past

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26
Q

micronized titanium dioxide

A

sunblock; more popular nowadays, less conspicuous on skin and offer substantial UVA and UVB protection

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27
Q

PABA

A

para-aminobenzoic acid; one of most popular sunscreens

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28
Q

antihistamines

A

used to treat systemic inflammation/rashes

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29
Q

Benadryl

A

diphenhydramine; antihistamine commonly used for systemic inflammation, but relatively ineffective for most skin rashes

30
Q

prednisone

A

most commonly used oral corticosteroid for systemic inflammation; Rx

31
Q

Pediculosis

A

common skin infection; infestation by tiny insect-like creatures (most commonly head/body lice, scabies mites, and chigger mites)
Cause intensely pruritic rash (itchy)

32
Q

scabies

A

type of pediculosis; has characteristic ‘linier’ lesion that resembles tunneling underneath skin
‘angry’ lesions are spread to other people and made worse by itching
Treat by isolation, hot water cleaning of clothes and bedding, and anti-parasite drugs

33
Q

Elimite, Nix

A

permethrin; anti-parasite drug (insecticide) used for scabies/pediculosis

34
Q

acne vulgaris

A

acne; both inflammation and infection play a role
Caused by clogged pores and overactive sebaceous glands
*sebum stagnation occurs, which is an ideal environment for bacterial growth

35
Q

rosacea

A

‘adult form of acne’ (but different process from acne vulgaris); characterized by pustules (bulging patches of skin full of pus), erythema (superficial reddening of skin), and telangiectasias (dilated small BVs on skin or mucous membranes)

36
Q

ance vulgaris treatment

A

toners, balancers, clarifying lotions, astringents, and more specific therapy of antibacterials, antiseptics, and keratolytics

37
Q

Benzac

A

benzoyl peroxide; organic peroxide with antiseptic and keratolytic actions. Standard OTC acne therapy
Facial use OTC concentration is 2.5-5%, while 10% is more fore severe acne of torso

38
Q

salicylic acid

A

organic acid derived from willow tree bark used as a topical keratolytic for acne in low concentrations or high concentrations to burn off warts

39
Q

Eryderm

A

erythromycin; topical antibiotic for acne vulgaris

*FDA pregnancy category C: it is not known whether erythromycin topical will harm an unborn baby

40
Q

Cleocin T

A

topical clindamycin (t for topical); antibiotic for acne vulgaris

41
Q

Minocin

A

minocycline; oral tetracycline antibiotic used for acne vulgaris

42
Q

tetracyclines

A

antibiotics used orally for acne vulgaris

43
Q

erythromycin

A

oral macrolide antibiotic used for acne vulgaris

44
Q

Rx keratolytics for acne vulgaris

A

derivatives of vitamin A ‘retinoids’

Stimulate epithelial cells to multiply rapidly and slough-off (prevent stagnation and clogging of pores)

45
Q

Retin-A

A

tretinoin topical; Rx keratolytic derived from vitamin A ‘retinoids’ used for acne vulgaris

46
Q

oral vitamin A retinoids

A

used to treat severe cystic acne

47
Q

Accutane

A

isotretinoin; oral keratolytic; oral vitamin A retinoid used to treat severe cystic acne
Known teratogen and is associated with severe psychiatric disease including depression and suicidal ideation
*used after topical keratolytics and topical/oral antibiotics have been tried

48
Q

rosacea treatment

A

no cure, but can be treated with antibiotics and topical corticosteroids
*corticosteroids are usually very mild b/c they are applied to the face

49
Q

MetroGel

A

metronidazole; nitroimidazoles antibiotic used for rosacea maintenance therapy

50
Q

Compound W liquid

A

17% salicylic acid; caustic agent used qd (once/day) to burn off warts over a period of weaks

51
Q

cryotherapy for warts

A

using liquid nitrogen (in doctor’s office) or similar gasses (dimethyl ether and propane in OTC Compound W Freeze off) to burn off wart in just 1-2 applications; but hurts a bit

52
Q

Compound W Freeze Off

A

dimethyl ether and propane; OTC wart cryotherapy

53
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss/baldness

54
Q

Rogaine

A

minoxidil; older vasodilator drug available OTC for topical use for alopecia
*2% for women, 5% for men

55
Q

Propecia

A

finasteride; newer drug for alopecia; Rx only, oral drug that blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT (the hormone largely responsible for BPH and male pattern baldness)

56
Q

sunscreen

A

absorb sun rays

57
Q

sunblock

A

reflects/blocks rays

58
Q

Solarcaine

A

benzocaine; a topical local anesthetic (sodium channel blocker), used after sunburn

59
Q

aloe vera gel

A

soothing, anti-inflammatory agent used after sunburn

60
Q

calamine lotion

A

used to soothe skin after sunburn

61
Q

gentamicin

A

topical aminoglycoside antibacterial for skin infections

62
Q

bacitracin

A

topical antibacterial for skin infections

63
Q

Bactroban

A

mupirocin; carboxylic acid antibiotic; topical antibacterial for skin infections

64
Q

Neosporin

A

combination topical antibiotic; triple antibiotic ointment

bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B

65
Q

Polysporin

A

combination topical antibiotic; double antibiotic ointment

bacitracin and polymyxin B

66
Q

Cortisporin

A

combination topical antibiotic and corticosteroid

neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone in OTC strength

67
Q

Lotrimin

A

clotrimazole; topical antifungal

68
Q

Lotrisone

A

topical combination antifungal and corticosteroid;

betamethasone and clotrimazole

69
Q

Zovirax

A

acyclovir; topical or oral anti-herpes drug

70
Q

Valtrex

A

valacyclovir; topical or oral anti-herpes drug

71
Q

tetracycline

A

oral antibiotic used for acne vulgaris

72
Q

Silvadene cream

A

silver sulfadiazine; sulfa medicine used to prevent and suppress infections; placed on top of burns and wounds

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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