Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 15 (pulmonary drugs) > Flashcards

Chapter 15 (pulmonary drugs) Flashcards

1
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; pts. have obstructed breathing with big chests, patients cannot exhale well b/c of air trapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lower respiratory infections

A

called laryngotracheitis; infections of trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
*though laryngotracheitis is usually just called an URI or bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bronchodilators

A

relax bronchial smooth muscle to treat asthma, emphysema (COPD), and exercise induced asthma (EIA)
Can be given by mouth, injection, nebulized liquid, or powder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EIA

A

exercise induced asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primatene Mist

A

OTC inhaler of epinepherine; non-selective adrenergic agonist; best drug for bronchospasm, especially in emergency situations; although effects on heart and BP limit its use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

front door bronchodilators

A

sympathomimetic drugs; B2 agonists that dilate bronchial smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

non-selective sympathomimetic bronchodilators

A

epinepherine, ephedrine, amphetamine, cocaine, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Proventil MDI

A

albuterol; prototypical B2 selective agonist; rescue inhaler

Fast onset and short acting (lasts 4-6 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ventolin

A

albuterol; prototypical B2 selective agonist; rescue inhaler

Fast onset and short acting (lasts 4-6 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LABA

A

long-acting B2 agonists used for prophylactic treatment b/c of 0.5 hour onset time (salmeterol and formoterol); last up to 12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Servent

A

salmeterol; LABA; used for prophylaxis b/c of 0.5 hour onset time and 12 hour lasting effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

formoterol

A

LABA; used for prophylaxis b/c of 0.5 hour onset time and 12 hour lasting effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Advair

A

salmeterol and flucticasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

back door bronchodilators

A

parasympatholytics; reduce parasympathetic effect of bronchoconstriction in order to dilate the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ipratropium

A

prototype parasympatholytic back door bronchodilator; has less cardiac effect than atropine and is longer acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

“vent”

A

means its a metered dose inhaler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MDI

A

metered dose inhaler; can be difficult to use b/c shouldn’t put mouth on it or not enough air will enter and drug will not move into lungs
Spacers help to solve this problem by allowing more volume in with the breathe so mouth can go directly on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

side door bronchodilators

A 
xanthine derivatives; have nothing to do with ANS antagonism
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (specific type) that work at cellular level to increase cAMP levels to yield brochodilation and increase breathing rate by stimulating respiratory centers
*also stimulate brain, so cause seizures in high doses and restlessness; stopped being used when corticosteroids and LABAs got better
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cocoa beans

A

naturally rich in methylxanthine drugs caffeine and chemical relatives theobromine and theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

theobromine

A

xanthine; found in hot chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Theo-Dur

A

theophylline; methylxanthine commonly found in black tea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nebulizers

A

turn liquid medicine into mist that can be breathed in easy to get medicine into lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Advair

A

salmeterol (LABA) and fluticasone (corticosteroid) combination
Often used as powder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

powder vs. propellant

A

powder is easier to inhale and does not require the coordination of breathing required to take the propellant powered MDIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

LTAs

A

leukotriene rc antagonists (inhibit action of LT eicosanoids which are known to cause bronchoconstriction); treat asthma and severe hay fever that does not respond to antihistamine therapy
*hard to get insurance to pay for this as allergy treatment and must get waiver and show that you get much better relief than from antihistamines

26
Q

Singulair

A

montelukast; leukotriene rc antagonist, oral tablet usually 1/day

27
Q

Accolate

A

zafirlukast; leukotriene rc antagonist

28
Q

Ultair

A

pranlukast; leukotriene rc antagonist in late stage trials for use in USA

29
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

mast cell stabilizer; formulated as a liquid for nubulizers for inhalation (helps treat allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, or general hay fever)

30
Q

mast cell stabilizers

A

coat mast cells and prevent them from releasing their allergy causing granules; inert drugs
Only useful prophylactically
*also now used for people who get ulcers from allergies

31
Q

Intal

A

cromolyn sodium inhalation aerosol; mast cell stabilizer

32
Q

mast cell stabilizers and corticosteroids treatment timing

A

only used prophylactically b/c they do not promote immediate bronchodilation; just prevent bronchoconstriction from occuring

33
Q

desensitizing immunotherapy

A

desensitization shots are a immunotherapy aimed at producing “blocking antibodies” of IgG type that prevent IgE-allergen complex from causing mast cell degranulation
*but must be done 1/week with increasing doses of allergen for 2+ years and costs thousands

34
Q

corticosteroids

A

reduces inflammation by suppressing inflammatory products products; not actual bronchodilators so don’t help in acute phases of attack, but in 4-6 hours they dramatically reduce inflammation
Great for maintenance asthma therapy to decrease the number of acute attacks and has less side e’s than systemic corticosteroids

35
Q

Vanceril MDI

A

beclomethasone; inhaled corticosteroid

36
Q

Azmacort MDI

A

triamcinolone; inhaled corticosteroid

37
Q

antibiotics for lung infections

A

same as those for ENT infections

38
Q

oral antibiotics for treating bronchitis and pneumonia

A

pen VK, amoxicillin, macrolides like clarithromycin (Biaxin) and azithromycin (Zithromax), and ciproflaxacin (fluoroquinolone)

39
Q

antitussive agents

A

suppress cough; opioids like dextromethorphan are the best

40
Q

expectorant agents

A

thin mucous to aid in expectoration; guaifenesin derived from guaiac tree is most popular
*although in some diseases, like pneumonia, coughing is actually essential and cough should not be suppressed

41
Q

DXM

A

dextromethorphan; non-opioid antitussive that is relatively non-addicting

42
Q

Robitussin

A

guaifenesin; mucolytic; expectorant

43
Q

drugs to help smoking cessation

A

NicoDerm (nicotine patch), Nicorette (nicotine chewing gum), or other nicotine products like spray

44
Q

Zyban

A

bupropion; antidepressant Rx drug used to help people quit smoking

45
Q

Chantix

A

varenicline; first of new compounds called nicotine rc blockers that block nicotine rc’s in brain
Newest and most effective addition to antismoking therapy; allows patients to ween themselves off nicotine effects while still smoking

46
Q

problem with new smoking therapies

A

serious neruopsychiatric symptoms including suicidal ideation and erratic behavior has led a decline in Rx’ing of Chantix

47
Q

ephedrine

A

sympathomimetic front door brochodilator; found usually in injection or syrup

48
Q

Isuprel

A

isoproterenol; sympathomimetic; front door bronchodilator

49
Q

Benadryl

A

diphenhydramine; 1st gen antihistamine

50
Q

doxylamine

A

1st gen antihistamine

51
Q

Phenergan

A

promethazine; 1st gen antihistamine; also used as a antinausea drug but not very good

52
Q

Claritin

A

loratadine; 2nd gen antihistamine

53
Q

Allegra

A

fexofenadine; 2nd gen antihistamine

54
Q

Zyrtec

A

cetirizine; 2nd gen antihistamine

55
Q

Flovent MDI

A

fluticasone; inhaled corticosteroid

56
Q

lung antifungal therapy

A

would need to be systemic; Difulcan (fluconazole) and Lamisil (terbinafine)

57
Q

antiinfluenza drugs

A

Tamiflu and Relenza; or prevent it with IIV4 or LAIV

58
Q

Wellbutrin

A

bupropion; antidepressant Rx drug used to help people quit smoking

59
Q

Survanta

A

a surfactant extracted from ground up cow lungs used to treat lung disease of premature infants (which is also called hyaline membrane disease)

60
Q

TB cause

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; a very large, acid-fast bacterium

61
Q

the Venturi effect

A

is what allows the MDI to work better if held a couple inches away from the mouth when sucked in b/c of decrease in pressure of gas when moving through a narrow space

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions