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Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 9 (key aspects of drug abuse and addiction) > Flashcards

Chapter 9 (key aspects of drug abuse and addiction) Flashcards

1
Q

Vioxx and Bextra

A

COX2 inhibitors taken off the market b/c of increased rates of CAD and stroke that were not reported and were covered up

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2
Q

Celebrex

A

only selective COX2 inhibitor left on market b/c they correctly reported increased risk of CAD and stroke

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3
Q

NSAIDs and Tylenol

A

work peripherally as analgesics, but Tylenol does not treat inflammation

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4
Q

non-traditional pain relievers

A

TCAs, CCBs, B-blockers, etc.

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5
Q

drug abuse

A

a behavior that all people are capable of doing; most people have done it whether they know it or not

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6
Q

drug addiction

A

a disease that requires genetic disposition and the volition to activate it

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7
Q

many people participate in substance abuse, but…

A

it is usually short term and people will voluntarily quit

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8
Q

alcoholism and drug addictions are…

A

compulsions characterized by the inability to stop despite the desire to do so and the presence of severe consequences

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9
Q

one cannot distinguish between abuse and addiction by the drug effects…

A

b/c they are the same either way; e.g. alcohol poisoning can occur the first time you drink or after you are addicted

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10
Q

to diagnose addiction

A

look at family history, compulsion (their control over their behavior)
They must be taken drug despite the negative consequences and want to stop

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11
Q

genetics of addiction

A

substance abuse can lead to addiction, but most be genetically predisposed; as confirmed by twin studies and genetic studies revealing protection genes and genes of increased susceptibility
Physiology studies shown initial brain response differences in response to first use of drug from those with addictive potential and people who don’t

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12
Q

curing drug addiction focus

A

don’t focus on drug b/c many addicts can switch to another drug so the behavior should be focused on

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13
Q

regardless of drug, the same addiction behavior is present, which is…

A

people have a need to change the way they feel

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14
Q

cocaine and all -caine drugs

A

shut down nerve transmission of pain impulses by blocking sodium channels

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15
Q

methamphetamine

A

stimulant with similar properties to epinepherine

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16
Q

drug addiction features

A

compulsive thoughts that dwell on using drug, adverse consequences to drug use, and inability to stop on own will
Shame, denial, and compulsion

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17
Q

drug addiction requirements

A

genetic predisposition, desire to abuse drugs to alter the way one feels, and a set of life circumstances
Many people have the genetic predisposition to abuse but never will because they never have the means or opportunity to try the drug

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18
Q

stimulant drugs of abuse

A

amphetamine and cocaine

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19
Q

depressant drugs of abuse

A

alcohol, opioids, and benzodiazepines

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20
Q

hallucinogen drugs of abuse

A

LSD (lysergic acid, or just “acid”), mescaline (derived from peyote plant), and psilocybin in mushrooms (mushroom alkaloids)

21
Q

cannabinoid drugs of abuse

A

marijuana and hashish

22
Q

inhalant drugs of abuse

A

nitrous oxide (laughing gas) and solvents like glue, gasoline, and pain thinner

23
Q

most abused drugs

A

tabacco is one, then alcohol, and marijuana, but most abused Rx drug are Vicodin and benzodiazepines

24
Q

child oxycodone deaths

A

kids will chew OxyContin instead of swallowing so they get full drug amount all at once instead of extended release and overdose

25
Q

opioids for heart attacks

A

morphine can be given to treat anxiety and pain because pain and anxiety increase HR which increases O2 demand of heart which makes MI even worse; also morphine is a good venodilator to increase venous capacity and reduce load on heart from less blood it has to move

26
Q

helpful opioid effects

A

constipation is evident from any opioid, which can be used to treat diarrhea (Lomotil used)
they also are used to suppress coughs (codeine used)

27
Q

Lomotil

A

mild opioid effect used to treat diarrhea; mixed with atropine to prevent abuse

28
Q

unhelpful opioid effects

A

can trigger addiction cycle in susceptible individuals; development of tolerance, nausea/vomiting, and respiratory depression

29
Q

Antabuse

A

disulfiram; prevents elimination of acetaldehyde which causes hangover symptoms so ingestion of alcohol causes very quick acting and long-lasting hangover

30
Q

naltrexone with alcoholism

A

reduces alcohol cravings for people who have quit drinking

31
Q

naltrexone for opioids

A

antagonizing the mu receptors blocks the effects of heroin or other opioids in the brain so there is no euphoria (no pleasure is produced)

32
Q

naloxone imbedded in opioids

A

some opioids are made with naloxone in it to prevent crushing tablets and abuse

33
Q

Narcan

A

naloxone; pure mu rc antagonist used for overdoses b/c it has a very short 1/2 life, so can’t be used for maintenance; given by IV

34
Q

detoxification

A

difficult process with unpleasant physical symptoms for addicts getting off drugs; includes headache, insomnia, nausea
Opioids are not usually given unless medically necessary to keep patient out of danger

35
Q

methadone

A

opioid used to help transition through detox; slowly tapers patients off over a few weeks

36
Q

naltrexone

A

used in maintenance phase as long-term mu rc antagonist that has long 1/2 life so one can have effects lasting all day and used orally.

37
Q

opioid anti-abuse drugs

A

Narcan (naloxone) used for emergency overdose treatment
methadone is used for detox help if needed for weaning
naltrexone used for prophylactic maintenance

38
Q

methadone can be used for detoxification or maintenance

A

detoxify is for someone who plans on becoming abstinent

maintenance is for someone who plans on using it for the rest of their lives for harm reduction

39
Q

harm reduction

A

Many mentally ill, poverty stricken addicts are hopelessly stuck in the addiction cycle and will never get out so recovery is not goal
Just get daily doses of methadone so they don’t need to score heroin during the day to prevent crime and disease (from buying drugs and dirty needles)

40
Q

amphetamines

A

stimulant; Rx forms are used to treat hyperactivity in children (ADHD)

41
Q

cocaine

A

highly addictive stimulant (crack is inexpensive yet highly addictive form of drug derived from powdered cocaine)

42
Q

LSD

A

lysergic acid; acid; has chief ingredient of mescaline

43
Q

cannabinoids

A

mimic action of similar endogenous substances (endocannabinoids) that bind to cannabinoid receptors in humans

44
Q

tobacco

A

nicotine inside of it is most common drug of abuse and addiction worldwide

45
Q

Xanax

A

alprazolam; commonly abused benzodiazepine

46
Q

Valium

A

diazepam; commonly abused benzodiazepine

47
Q

opioid side effect that causes death in overdose

A

respiratory depression

48
Q

Suboxone

A

buprenorphine and naloxone together; starting to replace methadone and naltrexone in clinics for maintenance and detox b/c it offers mixed agonist effects

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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