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Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 7 (drugs that affect the autonomic NS) > Flashcards

Chapter 7 (drugs that affect the autonomic NS) Flashcards

1
Q

almost all drugs effect some aspect of our…

A

nervous system

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2
Q

PNS subdivisions

A

somatic NS and ANS

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3
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

ANS subdivisions

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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5
Q

somatic NS

A

those for which we have conscious control (like skeletal muscle movements)

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6
Q

ANS

A

those functions we do not control consciously like HR, BP, saliva secretion, gastric acid secretion, peristalsis, etc.

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7
Q

almost every organ has innervation from both…

A

parasympa and sympa NS; they work in concert and in opposition
They exist in homeostatic balance between each other

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8
Q

sympa fight or flight balanced by…

A

parasympa rest and digest

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9
Q

NE

A

norepinepherine

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10
Q

Ach

A

acetylcholine

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11
Q

NE used at…

A

adrenergic receptors for sympa NS

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12
Q

Ach used at…

A

cholinergic receptors for parasympa NS

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13
Q

agonists

A

bind to rc THEN cause a positive action in the cell

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14
Q

antagonists

A

bind to rc but do not cause a positive action

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15
Q

parasympathomimetic

A

parasympathetic agonist

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16
Q

parasympatholytic

A

parasympathetic antagonist

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17
Q

sympathomimetic

A

sympathetic agonist

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18
Q

sympatholytic

A

sympathetic antagonist

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19
Q

cholinergic drugs

A

act as agnoists to Ach rc and bind to Ach rc to cause a positive effect

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20
Q

cholinergic antagonists

A

bind to Ach rc but have anticholinergic effects (often side effects of preventing parasympa action like dry mouth or constipation)

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21
Q

adrenergic named from

A

adrenaline (epi in England)

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22
Q

adrenergic receptors

A

alpha (1 and 2) and beta (1, 2, and 3)

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23
Q

cholinergic receptors

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

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24
Q

nicotinic receptors

A

found at the NMJ to cause somatic muscle contraction

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25
Q

muscarine

A

named from mushroom it was isolated from (amantina muscaria)

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26
Q

parasympa vs. sympa balance

A

balanced under normal conditions, but disease states shift the balance off (like high BP, dysrhythmia, irritable bowl, etc.) so drugs are needed to maintain balance

27
Q

endogenous

A

those that are part of the natural physiology of our body

28
Q

bethanechol

A

muscarinic agonist; not a great drug b/c of side effects but does increase bowl speed and increase bladder drainage for those with urinary/bowl retention
*unlike Ach, has a long duration of action
One of few cholinergic agonists that isn’t a nerve gas

29
Q

atonic bladder/bowl

A

no tone, so pt. can’t pee or poop

30
Q

patients at risk for bladder/bowl atonicity

A

women with past births, someone with spinal cord injury, or someone on drug causing bladder retention

31
Q

there are no good drugs for the parasympa NS b/c…

A

side effects are very bad b/c systemic inhibition or activation of parasympa NS is sucky

32
Q

best cholinergic agonists

A

nerve gas poisons like Serin gas b/c they are very potent and harmful

33
Q

atropine

A

antidote to Ach, bethanechol, and Sarin gas b/c it inhibits parasympa effects
It is a parasympatholytic
Prototype parasympatholytics

34
Q

scopolamine

A

from nightshade; it is very similar to atropine as a parasympatholytic. Used originally to dilate pupils by blocking parasympa action of constricting them.

35
Q

how do eye surgeons dilate pupils?

A

use eye drops that are anticholinergic and are sympathetic agonists

36
Q

spasm

A

opposite of atony

37
Q

bladder/bowl spasm

A

overactive

38
Q

anticholinergic drugs

A

used to block over-activity of GI and urinary tracts

39
Q

Ditropan

A

oxybutynin; muscarinic antagnoist
antispasmodic to relax smooth muscle, often given in combo with sedatives and anti-infectives (side effects suck b/c of dry mouth, constipation, HR effects, breathing effects, etc.)
B/c of side effects, really only good when used locally
*developed specifically for muscarinic bladder antagonism but doesn’t work so well

40
Q

DA

A

dopamine

41
Q

emergency situations needing adrenergic agonists

A

epi is used in emergency, then dopamine or dobutamine is used to stabilize the pt. to support CV system

42
Q

dopamine

A

ephedrine like drug with B and A agonist action

43
Q

dobutamine

A

ephedrine like drug with B and A agonist action

44
Q

Inderal

A

propranolol; non-selective B blocker (first one created)

New B blockers are more specific to certain receptors.

45
Q

B2 receptor

A

found in lungs; never want antag binding b/c never a good idea to constrict bronchal tube. Ags dilate pulomnary tube.

46
Q

B1 receptor

A

specific B1 receptors are found on heart; ags increase HR

47
Q

a1 receptor

A

found in BVs; ags constrict BVs to increase BP

48
Q

curare

A

amazonian dart poison, blocks nicotinic receptor so paralysis occurs b/c somatic NS does not work (no NMJ action so muscles cannot contract); a true muscle relaxant!
A neuromuscular blockade occurs

49
Q

epinepherine; norepinepherine

A

prototype adrenergic receptor agonists
Bind to all alpha and B1 and B2 receptors to…
Raise BP and HR, dilate lungs and pupils, increase blood flow to muscles and brain

50
Q

albuterol

A

mostly B2 agonist used in inhalers to treat asthma

Very little effect on heart rate

51
Q

DA

A

dopamine

52
Q

dopamine; dobutamine

A

two catecholamine adrenergic receptor agonists

53
Q

catecholamines

A

many sympathetic agonists are this type of molecule; like epi, NE, and DA
have 1,2 dihyroxy benzene structure (catechol structure)

54
Q

5 non-catecholamine adrenergic receptor agonists

A

cocaine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine,

and ampthetamine are non-catecholamine adrenergic rc agonists

55
Q

Inderal

A

propranolol; B blocker (sympatholytic). Also an analgesic.

56
Q

acetylcholine

A

cholingergic (muscarinic and nicotinic) agonist
Lowers BP and HR, constricts lungs and pupils, increase blood flow to digestive tract and kidneys, and activates salivation

57
Q

antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine)

A

muscarinic antagonist
as side effects, many antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiparkinsons drugs cause dry mouth and constipation

58
Q

NE is main NT of…

A

sympa NS

59
Q

anticholinergic drugs addiction

A

not addictive b/c side effects are so sucky like constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth, etc.

60
Q

Lomotil

A

atropine / diphenoxylate; an opioid used to treat diarrhea that makers put atropine in so its not abused; will cause bad side effects so nobody will abuse

61
Q

Demerol

A

meperidine; mu receptor agonist

62
Q

all NS subdivisions carry…

A

sensory info, in addition to their efferent neuron effects

63
Q

enteric NS

A

recieves sensory info and causes smooth muscle movement and acid secretion for GI tract

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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