Module 14: Care of Adolescence Flashcards
What age range defines adolescence?
13 to 20 years old
This is the period that involves the development and maturation of the reproductive, endocrine, and structural systems, as well as rapid growth.
Puberty
This is characterized by emotional, psychological, and social changes, marking the transition from childhood to adulthood.
Adolescence
When do girls and boys typically enter puberty?
(A) Girls: 9-10 years old
(B) Boys: 10-11 years old
These are organs necessary for reproduction.
Primary sexual characteristics
These are external features that differentiate males from females.
Secondary sexual characteristics
What characterizes Stage 1 of female pubic hair growth?
(A) Prepubertal stage
(B) No pubic hair
(C) No distinction between hair on pubis and abdomen
What characterizes Stage 2 of female pubic hair growth?
(A) Sparse growth of long, straight, downy, and slightly pigmented hair along the labia
(B) Begins to appear on the pubis between stages 2 and 3
What characterizes Stage 3 of female pubic hair growth?
(A) Hair becomes darker, coarser, and curly
(B) Spreads sparsely over the entire pubis in a typical female triangle
What characterizes Stage 4 of female pubic hair growth?
(A) Denser, curled hair with an adult-like distribution
(B) Less abundant and restricted to the pubic area
What characterizes Stage 5 of female pubic hair growth?
(A) Hair is adult in quantity, type, and pattern
(B) Spreads to the inner aspect of the thighs
What characterizes Stage 1 of male pubic hair growth?
(A) No pubic hair
(B) Essentially the same as during childhood
(C) No distinction between hair on the pubis and over the abdomen
What characterizes Stage 2 of male pubic hair growth?
(A) Initial enlargement of scrotum and testes
(B) Reddening and textural changes of scrotal skin
(C) Sparse growth of long, straight, downy, and slightly pigmented hair at the base of the penis
What characterizes Stage 3 of male pubic hair growth?
(A) Initial enlargement of the penis (mainly in length)
(B) Testes and scrotum further enlarged
(C) Hair becomes darker, coarser, and curly, spreading sparsely over the entire pubis
What changes occur in Stage 4 of male pubic hair growth?
(A) Increased size of the penis with growth in diameter and development of the glans
(B) Glans becomes larger and broader
(C) Scrotum darkens
(D) Pubic hair becomes more abundant, curling but restricted to the pubic area
Describe Stage 5 of male pubic hair growth.
(A) Testes, scrotum, and penis reach adult size and shape
(B) Hair is adult in quantity and type, spreading to the inner surface of the thighs
This stage of puberty occurs when secondary sex characteristics begin to develop, but reproductive organs are not yet functional.
Prepubescence
This stage of puberty occurs when secondary sex characteristics continue developing, and ova and sperm production begins.
Pubescence
This stage of puberty occurs when reproductive function and secondary sex characteristics reach adult maturity.
Post-pubescence
This refers to the adult distribution of pubic hair with spread to the inner surface of the thighs during Stage 5.
Female escutcheon
What is the main focus of Erikson’s Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?
They try out different roles, personal choices, and beliefs (Stabilization of self concept).
Under the identity vs. role confusion stage, this is considered to be the most influential body?
PEERS
What is the primary focus of Freud’s Genital Stage?
(A) The libido emerges in mature and adult form.
(B) It upsets the delicate balance between the id, the ego, and the superego.
Under this theory, it states that adolescents use abstract thinking and deductive reasoning wherein general concepts are related to specific questions.
Formal Operational Stage of Jean Piaget
What do adolescents do under the Formal Operational Stage of Jean Piaget?
They test beliefs to establish values and the meaning of life.
What are the developmental tasks for adolescents according to Havighurst?
(A) Achieving mature relationships with peers of both genders
(B) Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
(C) Accepting one’s personal appearance
(D) Acquiring values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior
(E) Achieving emotional independence from significant adults
(F) Preparing for a career
What are the stages in Kohlberg’s Conventional Level of moral development?
(A) Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance (Good Boy, Nice Girl) – Actions are taken to please others and gain approval
(B) Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation – Right behavior is obeying the law and following rules
Under this theory, it states that the basis for identity becomes complex due to demands from work, school, family and peers. Ideology has also emerged but not closely examined.
Fowler’s Synthetic-Conventional Stage of faith development
What do adolescents do under Fowler’s Synthetic-Conventional Stage of faith development?
(A) Questions life-guiding values or religious practices to stabilize identity
(B) May temporarily abandon traditional religious practices
(C) Extends faith beyond family to create identity and values
Who are the greatest determinants or influencing factors of behavior in adolescents, according to Sullivan?
PEERS
What are the models of leadership in Sullivan’s Interpersonal Theory?
(A) Sexual Models – Partners of the same and opposite sex
(B) Adults other than parents – Idolized
What are the age ranges for early adolescence?
11-14 years old
What are the age ranges for middle adolescence?
15-17 years old
What are the age ranges for late adolescence?
18-20 years old
What health concerns do adolescents identify?
Concerned with body image, reluctant to seek healthcare, deny signs and symptoms.
This is essential for growth spurts and increased nutritional needs due to physical activity.
Balanced diet
What are common poor eating habits in adolescents?
Skipping meals, unhealthy snacks, and poor nutritional choices.
How does poor nutrition affect adolescents?
Poor nutrition can delay sexual maturity and impact growth.
What is the nursing responsibility regarding adolescents’ nutrition?
Encourage the selection of nutritious snacks.
A condition characterized by self-starving, distorted body image, and preoccupation with food.
Anorexia Nervosa
What are common symptoms of anorexia nervosa?
Amenorrhea, significant weight loss, distorted body image, excessive physical activity.
What are the causes of anorexia nervosa?
Distorted family dynamics, perceived obesity, perfectionism.
What are complications of anorexia nervosa?
Fluid imbalances, hypertension, constipation, starvation, death if untreated
This condition is characterized to be binge eating followed by forced vomiting or laxative use.
Bulimia nervosa
What should be the nursing intervention for bulimia nervosa?
Refer to a doctor or counselor.
What is obesity in adolescents?
Obesity is when body weight exceeds 20% over the ideal weight.
How is ideal body weight calculated for females?
First height in feet = 100-105 lbs, add 5 lbs per inch.
How is ideal body weight calculated for males?
First height in feet = 105-110 lbs, add 5 lbs per inch
What are the nursing interventions for obesity?
Assess eating habits, provide health education, encourage exercise.
What is the elimination pattern in adolescents?
The renal and gastrointestinal tract are functionally mature and similar to adults.
What is the activity and exercise pattern in adolescents?
Adolescents enjoy vigorous physical activity, participate in organizing activities, but may also have a tendency to lead a sedentary lifestyle (“couch potato”)
What is the nursing responsibility regarding activity and exercise in adolescents?
Encourage them to join sports or physical activities.
How many hours of sleep do adolescents need?
Adolescents need 8 hours of sleep
What is the cognitive and perception pattern in adolescents?
They are logical, organized, have advanced reasoning skills, and can think abstractly.
What is the self-perception and self-concept pattern in adolescents?
Adolescents are exploring their identity, expressing themselves, and behaving carefully around peers.
How does body image affect adolescents?
Adolescents may have a negative body image, viewing themselves as “fat” (females) or “thin” (males).
What are common coping mechanisms used by adolescents?
(A) Denial
(B) Regression
(C) Somatization
(D) Depression
(E) Rationalization
(F) Displacement
What are common signs of depression in adolescents?
Change in weight and eating habits, insomnia/hypersomnia, loss of energy/fatigue, change in motor activity, loss of interest in activities, decrease in school performance, preoccupation with death.
What are some fears common in adolescents?
Fear of losing identity (e.g., acne, obesity, body odor, homosexuality) and fear of the unknown, disease, and death.
How do adolescents view death?
As an altered identity and unfulfilled dreams; they tend to have the most fear of death.
What is the role-relationship pattern in adolescents?
Adolescents strive for independence and self-identity, pulling away from family, becoming more mobile, emotionally unstable, and closer to friends.
What is the values-belief pattern in adolescents?
Adolescents develop a strong sense of right and wrong, become very idealistic, and base their values on the majority of people around them.
What are common health concerns for adolescents?
Parenting and family adjustment, psychosocial adjustment, school and learning problems, injuries, dietary habits, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fitness, body art, substance use, sexual behavior, infectious diseases, abuse, depression, acne vulgaris, violence.
What are common accidents that occur in adolescents?
Vehicular accidents (due to alcohol, drug use, thrill-seeking) and injuries from sports/activities.
What are the components of adolescent health screening?
S.A.F.E.T.I.M.E.S - Sexuality, Affect/Abuse, Family, Examination, Timing of development, Immunization, Minerals, Education/Employment, Safety.
What are common nursing diagnoses for adolescents?
Nutritional imbalance, risk for violence, risk for infection, body image disturbances, ineffective coping mechanism.
What factors promote adolescent health and well-being?
Schools, school-based and school-linked health services, communities, healthcare settings.
How does adolescent health promotion vary for special groups?
Includes adolescents of color, gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents, rural adolescents, and adolescents with disabilities.
