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MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING > Module 03: Preparing a Family for Childbirth and Parenting > Flashcards

Module 03: Preparing a Family for Childbirth and Parenting Flashcards

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1
Q

This is defined as the period that extends from the beginning of contractions that cause cervical dilation to the first 1 to 4 or 6 hours delivery of the newborn and placenta.

A

Intrapartum

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2
Q

This pertains to the medical and nursing care given to a pregnant woman during labor and delivery.

A

Intrapartal Care

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3
Q

What are the responsibilities of a nurse in childbirth education?

A

(A) Assessing whether a couple needs preparation for childbirth and parenting classes.
(B) Providing information on why there is pain during labor and giving significant education to have a personalized and structured plan for birthing.
(C) To help the family bond with its new member.
(D) To help a couple become effective parents (classes should be personalized and structured).

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4
Q

How many patients experiencing vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) or those with scheduled cesarean birth express fear or anxiety about what happens in labor?

A

75% (Counseling can be very important to alleviate this fear)

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5
Q

This is known to allow couples to sort out their questions and feelings about what they want to consider in their plan as they share information with others.

A

Childbirth Plan

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6
Q

What does a birth plan include?

A

(A) Choice of setting
(B) Birth attendant
(C) Special needs such as the extent of family participation
(D) Birthing positions
(E) Medication options
(F) Plans for the immediate postpartum period
(G) Baby care
(H) Family Visitation

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7
Q

When should a birth plan be made?

A

Nurses should urge couples to make this at least 1 month before the expected date of birth (If an expectant couple has a strong desire in a certain area, this gives them time to communicate their wish so it can be accommodated if possible)

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8
Q

These are specific visits for people who plan to get pregnant within a short time and want to know more about what they can expect pregnancy to be like and what birth setting and procedure choices exist.

A

Preconception Visits

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9
Q

What do preconception visits include?

A

(A) Recommended preconception nutrition modifications such as good intake of folic acid and protein
(B) Prenatal vitamins during the time of waiting to ensure a healthy fetus

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10
Q

These are designed for couples to attend early in pregnancy. They focus on birthing patient’s health during a pregnancy by covering such topics like psychological and physical changes of pregnancy, pregnancy nutrition, routine healthcare such as dental checkups and newborn care.

A

Expectant Parenting Classes

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11
Q

How long does Expectant Parenting Classes run for?

A

8 weeks

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12
Q

What do expectant parenting classes include?

A

(A) Breastfeeding classes
(B) Preparation for childbirth classes

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13
Q

During expectant parenting classes, these people may not need a tour of the maternity unit as part of the program.

A

Clients who have multiple children.

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14
Q

During expectant parenting classes, these people may need to know about the brown bag nutrition and how to include rest periods during work hours.

A

Clients who work at least a part time.

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15
Q

During expectant parenting classes, these people may be most interested in what is going to happen to their bodies during pregnancy or what sports are safe to continue.

A

Clients who are teenagers

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16
Q

These classes are designed to help birthing patients learn more about breastfeeding. These classes cover the physiology of breastfeeding as well as their psychological aspects.

A

Breastfeeding classes

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17
Q

How long is breastfeeding encouraged among mothers?

A

Patients are generally encouraged to breastfeed and to continue for as long as 6 months following their child’s birth.

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18
Q

Breastfeeding classes are often taught by?

A

These are often taught by certified lactation specialist who is an expert on what problems people who want o breastfeed are apt to encounter.

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19
Q

These are focus mainly on explaining the psychological and physiologic changes that occur with childbirth and ways to prevent or reduce the pain of childbirth.

A

Preparation for childbirth classes

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20
Q

What are the common areas taught include under preparation for childbirth classes?

A

(A) Preparing the expectant family for the childbirth experience.
(B) Helping birthing patients become more informed about the options available for childbirth.
(C) Explaining the roles of both pharmacologic and non pharmacologic methods of pain control that are useful for labor.
(D) Helping increase the couple’s overall enjoyment of and satisfaction with childbirth experience.

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21
Q

What are the different exercises during labor?

A

(A) Prenatal Yoga
(B) Perineal and Abdominal Exercises
(C) Tailor Sitting
(D) Squatting
(E) Pelvic Floor Contractions (Kegel Exercises)
(F) Abdominal Muscle Contractions
(G) Pelvic Rocking
(H) Birthing Aids

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22
Q

This exercise during pregnancy helps a woman relax, manage stress, stay fit through gentle stretching and deep breathing, and improve self-esteem as she masters challenging positions.

A

Prenatal Yoga

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23
Q

How can yoga breathing techniques be helpful during labor?

A

Yoga breathing techniques assist with relaxation and pain management during labor.

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24
Q

What should women be cautious of when doing yoga as pregnancy progresses?

A

As pregnancy progresses, balancing becomes difficult. Women should use a chair or wall for stabilization and avoid twisting exercises, as joints soften in preparation for labor, increasing the risk of muscle or joint strain.

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25
Q

These exercises during delivery help strengthen pelvic and abdominal muscles, making them more supple for labor. Supple perineal muscles reduce discomfort during birth and help prevent urinary incontinence after childbirth.

A

Perineal and abdominal exercises

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26
Q

What happens when perineal muscles are supple?

A

They reduce discomfort during birth and help prevent urinary incontinence after childbirth.

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27
Q

When can a woman start perineal and abdominal exercises?

A

A woman can begin perineal and abdominal exercises as early in pregnancy as she likes.

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28
Q

A woman can begin perineal and abdominal exercises as early in pregnancy as she likes.

A

Women should start by doing each exercise a few times and gradually increase the number with each session (participation may be sporadic).

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29
Q

In this exercise during pregnancy, the woman should place one leg in front of the other, not one ankle on top of the other, to avoid interfering with leg circulation. She should then gently push her knees toward the floor to stretch her perineum.

A

Tailor sitting

30
Q

How can tailor sitting benefit a pregnant woman’s perineum?

A

By practicing tailor sitting for at least 15 minutes every day, a woman’s perineum will become supple, and by the end of pregnancy, her knees may almost touch the floor when pushed.

31
Q

What daily activities can incorporate tailor sitting?

A

Tailor sitting can be used while

(A) Watching television,
(B) Reading,
(C) Talking on the phone, or
(D) Filing papers in a lower cabinet.

32
Q

What is the recommended daily duration for practicing squatting during pregnancy?

A

About 15 minutes a day.

33
Q

Why should a pregnant woman keep her feet flat on the floor while squatting?

A

To optimally stretch the perineal and pelvic floor muscles.

34
Q

How can squatting be incorporated into daily activities?

A

It can be used while performing tasks like picking up toys from the floor to reduce the need for additional exercise time.

35
Q

What exercise strengthens the perineal muscles and is beneficial during postpartum recovery?

A

Pelvic floor contractions (Kegel exercises).

36
Q

How can Kegel exercises be incorporated into daily activities?

A

They can be done easily while sitting at a desk or working around the house.

37
Q

What are the long-term benefits of Kegel exercises for women?

A

They increase sexual responsiveness and help prevent stress incontinence.

38
Q

What are the benefits of abdominal muscle contractions during pregnancy?

A

They strengthen abdominal muscles, help prevent constipation, and aid in restoring abdominal tone after pregnancy.

39
Q

How do strong abdominal muscles benefit labor?

A

They contribute to effective pushing during the second stage of labor

40
Q

What is pelvic rocking and its primary benefit during pregnancy?

A

Pelvic rocking helps relieve backache by making the lumbar spine more flexible.

41
Q

In which positions can pelvic rocking be performed?

A

It can be done on hands and knees, lying down, sitting, or standing.

42
Q

This is used to strengthen pelvic and abdominal muscle stronger and most supple during labor.

A

Perineal and Abdominal Exercise

42
Q

This is used to help relax and manage stress. This helps mothers stay fit by their focus in gentle stretching and deep breathing

A

Prenatal Yoga

43
Q

This exercise is often used to tighten muscles.

A

Pelvic Floor Contraction or Kegel Exercise

44
Q

This exercise is often utilized to prevent constipation and restore abdominal tone.

A

Abdominal Muscle Contraction

45
Q

This exercise is often utilized to help relieve backache.

A

Pelvic Rocking

46
Q

What are the three (3) principles in reducing discomfort?

A

(A) Inform what causes labor pain and prepare with breathing exercises.
(B) Less pain if abdomen is relaxed and the uterus is allowed to rise freely against the abdominal wall with contractions
(C) Using the gaiting control theory of pain perception, distraction techniques can be employed to alter how pain is received.

47
Q

It explains how gate control mechanisms in the substantia gelatinosa can halt pain impulses at the spinal cord, preventing them from reaching the brain.

A

Gaiting Theory of Pain

48
Q

It stimulates large peripheral nerves near an injury site, which decreases the ability of small nerve fibers to transmit pain impulses, effectively suppressing pain.

A

Cutaneous Stimulation

49
Q

This occupies the brain cortex cells, preventing them from registering pain impulses. Techniques include breathing, vocalization, or focusing techniques like imaging.

A

Distraction

50
Q

Besides distraction, what additional benefit do breathing techniques provide during labor?

A

They increase oxygenation to the mother and fetus.

51
Q

This can accelerate the perception of pain, so reducing it helps slow down pain impulses.

A

Anxiety

52
Q

Pain impulses are perceived more quickly if a woman is anxious. The third technique of gating, therefore, is to reduce patient anxiety as much as possible. Teaching a woman what to expect during labor is a means of achieving this.

A

Reducing Anxiety

53
Q

This is based on the premise that pregnancy and childbirth are joyful, natural processes, and the woman’s partner should play an active role throughout the process

A

Bradley Method

54
Q

How does the Bradley Method reduce labor pain?

A

It uses abdominal breathing and encourages walking during labor, along with an internal focal point for disassociation.

55
Q

What childbirth method was developed by Sheila Kitzinger in the 1950s?

A

The Psychosexual Method of childbirth.

56
Q

It stresses that pregnancy, labor, birth, and the early newborn period are some of the most important moments in a woman’s life.

A

Psychosexual Method

57
Q

It uses conscious relaxation and progressive breathing to encourage the woman to “flow with” rather than struggle against contractions.

A

Psychosexual Method

58
Q

The key premise of this is that Fear leads to tension, which leads to pain, and reducing fear can help reduce the pain of labor.

A

Dick-Read method

59
Q

How does the Dick-Read Method aim to reduce labor pain?

A

Through education about childbirth and focusing on abdominal breathing during contractions to break the fear-tension-pain cycle.

60
Q

What are the other alternative methods of birth?

A

(A) Laboyer Method
(B) Unassisted Birthing
(C) Hydrotherapy and Water Birth

61
Q

This is known as a series of events by which uterine contractions and abdominal pressure expel a fetus and placenta from the uterus.

A

Labor

62
Q

Regular contraction can cause what?

A

Progressive dilatation of the cervix and create sufficient muscular uterine force to be pushed out into the extrauterine life.

63
Q

This theory states that a hollow organ once stretched to its maximum potential will always contract and expel content.

A

Uterine Stretch Theory

64
Q

The pressure on the nerve endings and increased irritability of the uterine musculature brought about by the developed fetus can cause _________.

A

Contraction or Fullness

65
Q

This theory states that the stimulation of the arachidonic acid substance within the prostaglandin is the one that produces the contraction.

A

Prostaglandin Theory

66
Q

According to the Prostaglandin Theory, what other ways increase prostaglandin formation?

A

The rising fetal cortisol level that reduces progesterone

67
Q

Under this theory, there is a change in ratio of estrogen and progesterone, wherein estrogen increases and the sudden drop in progesterone near delivery stimulates labor.

A

Progesterone deprivation or withdrawal

68
Q

Under this theory, the placenta begins to degenerate by 36 weeks as the body perceives it as a foreign body, thus making its own defense toe expel it by contraction of the uterus.

A

Theory of the aging placenta

69
Q

How is the placenta expelled?

A

The fetal membrane begins to produce prostaglandin which stimulates contractions.

70
Q

Under this theory, the production of the posterior pituitary gland of this substances will cause uterine contractions.

A

Oxytocin Stimulation Theory (Oxytocin works together with prostaglandin to initiate contraction)

MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING (14 decks)

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